Calendrier du 01 juin 2022
Development Economics Seminar
Du 01/06/2022 de 16:30 à 17:45
Salle R2.01, Campus Jourdan
CASTILLA Carolina (Colgate University)
Tipples and Quarrels in the Household: The Effect of an Alcohol Mitigation Intervention on Intimate Partner Violence
Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), though less is known about the causal relationship between them. We estimate the causal effect on IPV of a randomized-control trial (RCT) designed to mitigate alcohol consumption in rural Kenya, where IPV rates are higher than the global average. Treated households attended a series of group counseling and couples' therapy sessions. Non-treated households in close proximity may benefit from treatment spillovers, and are part of a spillover control group, while pure control households were in separate villages. Treatment substantially lowered sexual IPV, with smaller or no effects on physical and emotional IPV. Incidence of sexual violence decreased by 0.33 standard deviations relative to the control mean, while the frequency of aggression decreased by 0.3 standard deviations. Interestingly, men were also 11 percentage points less likely to agree that wife-beating is justified when a wife refuses sex. Counselor notes from treatment sessions reveal that alcohol abuse and IPV were commonly mentioned together by couples, suggesting a program to lower alcohol abuse may reduce IPV as well.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 01/06/2022 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan 75014 Paris
ZENOU Yves (Monash University)
Perceived Competition in Networks
écrit avec Olivier Bochet, Mathieu Faure, Yan Long
We consider an aggregative game in which agents have an imperfect knowledge about the set of agents they are in competition with. We model this lack of knowledge through a directed graph that we call the perception network. In this framework, a natural equilibrium concept emerges, the Perception-Consistent Equilibrium (PCE). At a PCE, each agent chooses an action level that maximizes her subjective perceived utility while the
action levels of all individuals must be consistent. We prove the existence of PCEs in a large class of aggregative games. We also show that, at any PCE, the efforts are always ordered accordingly to some centrality measure in the perception network. For a specific subclass of aggregative games, we decompose the network into communities and completely characterize the PCEs by identifying which sets of agents are active, as well as their effort level. We prove that, at the unique stable PCE, the agents’ action levels are proportional to their eigenvector centrality in the perception network. We illustrate our results with two well-known models: Tullock contest and Cournot competition.
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Economic History Seminar
Du 01/06/2022 de 12:00 à 13:30
Salle R1.09, Campus Jourdan
LEWIS Mary (Harvard University)
Restoration Commerce: France and Haiti during the Bourbon Restoration
In 1825, some twenty-one years after Haiti (hitherto Saint-Domingue) had defeated France in the Haitian Revolution, Charles X formally recognized the independence of Haiti in exchange for a punishing indemnity to former landowners, originally set at 150 million French francs. Obscured in the important story of punitive debt, however, is what French officials hoped to gain from the new relationship besides a sense of recompense for former colonists. It is true that the 1825 agreement was conceived, at least in part, as a way of finally putting the claims of former planters to rest by compensating them for their lost land, and in some indirect way, for their emancipated slaves. But it was also a commercial treaty predicated on a future of trade between France and its former colony that would be both voluminous and lucrative. Aimed at creating a “most-favored” trading status for France by reducing Haitian customs duties by half for the former metropole, the 1825 recognition of Haitian independence thus was not only about settling past claims. It was always also about an imagined future where Haitian agricultural products would still be central to French commerce. This paper demonstrates the extent to which the economies of many French ports counted on trade with Haiti as a means to restore commerce and rebuild transatlantic trade following the Haitian Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. These interests in turn pushed the French crown to formally recognize the independence of Haiti.