Calendrier du 03 juin 2021
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 03/06/2021 de 16:30 à 18:00
Via Zoom
CALLEN Michael (LSE)
Does Revolution Work? Evidence from the Birth of Nepal's Federal Democracy
The political consequences of revolution are among the most important, but least understood, of all war impacts. Using a census of 3.68 million Nepalis (2.56 million of whom are of voting age) covering eleven districts, party nomination lists, electoral data, and party candidate selection committee surveys, we report five key findings. First, the historically disadvantaged social group of Janajatis – who formed the backbone of the Maoist insurgent group - gained representation proportional to their population share. Second, all parties – including the Maoist party – positively select candidates on education. Third, educated and Janajati party selection committee members demonstrate less bias against Janajati candidates. Fourth, the Maoist party - which has the most diverse party selection committees and the most Janajati nominees - provided the most Janajati tickets. Finally, using a close-election regression discontinuity design, we find that electing more educated leaders causally improves earthquake reconstruction for all constituents. By contrast, electing lower caste politicians marginally increases benefits for co-caste members, but does not have broader impacts. Taken together, our results provide a nuanced picture of how rebel groups enabled an inclusive federal democracy in Nepal: they created a cadre of positively selected leaders from historically disadvantaged castes during the revolution. This broadening of the pool of qualified candidates for post-conflict politics, in turn, leads to improved policy outcomes.
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 03/06/2021 de 16:00 à 17:30
Using Zoom
WALLENIUS Johanna (Stockholm School of Economics)
Can Wealth Buy Health? A Model of Pecuniary and Non-Pecuniary Investments in Health
écrit avec Panos Margaris
In this paper we develop and estimate a life cycle model that features pecuniary and non-pecuniary investments in health, along with a cognitive ability gradient associated with said investments, in order to rationalize the socioeconomic gradients in health and life expectancy in the United States. Agents accumulate health capital, which affects the level of utility, labor productivity, the distribution of medical spending shocks and life expectancy. We find that the cognitive ability gradient to health investments and the differences in lifetime income account for the lion's share of the observed life expectancy gap. Providing universal health insurance coverage has heterogeneous effects, depending on the progressivity of the financing mechanism, and at best results in a modest decrease in the life expectancy gap.
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 03/06/2021 de 12:30 à 13:30
Using Zoom
FILIPPUCCI Francesco ()
What the NEETs need? The Effect of Activation Policies and Cash Transfers
Youth Neither in Employment, Education or Training (NEETs) were a severe problem in the last decade in Europe, regaining relevance with the Covid-19 crisis. Active Labor Market Policies (ALMPs) are a primary response, but effectiveness depends on the mix of services offered. Accompanying ALMPs with cash transfers could augment participation and ease financial constraints, but also decrease search effort. This paper evaluates a large French program targeting disadvantaged NEETs between 16 and 25 years old, Garantie Jeunes, which combines cash transfers, soft-skills training and intensive job-search assistance for a year. I develop a tailored diff-in-diff methodology for identifying ITT and LATE in a setting with staggered adoption and units subsequently exposed to treatment at different tenures. I highlight strong positive effects of the program on employment, earnings and hours worked: after one year of exposure to Garantie Jeunes, the probability of employment increased by 1.7 points, hours worked by 5, and earnings by 61 euros on a quarterly basis, which translates in a LATE of +28 percentage points in the probability of employment, +81 hours worked and +1004 Euros of earnings. There is no evidence of lower employability while participating to the program and receiving the cash transfer. These large effects come with a cost: the Marginal Value of Public Funds of textit{Garantie Jeunes} is estimated close to one.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 03/06/2021 de 12:30 à 13:30
Online
MINARDI Stefania (HEC Paris)
Consumption of Values
écrit avec Co-authors: Itzhak Gilboa and Fan Wang
Consumption decisions are partly influenced by values and ideologies. Consumers care about global warming, child labor, fair trade, etc. Incorporating values into the consumer's utility function will often violate monotonicity, if consumption hurts values in a way that isn't offset by hedonic benefits. We distinguish between intrinsic and instrumental values, and argue that the former tend to introduce discontinuities near zero. For example, a vegetarian's preferences would be discontinuous near zero amount of animal meat. We axiomatize a utility representation that captures such preferences and discuss the measurability of the degree to which consumers
care about such values.
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