Calendrier du 05 mars 2020
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 05/03/2020 de 15:45 à 17:00
PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R1-09
PATTERSON Christina (Northwestern University)
The Matching Multiplier and the Amplification of Recessions
This paper shows that the unequal incidence of recessions in the labor market amplifies aggregate
shocks. I define the Matching Multiplier as the increase in the output multiplier stemming from the
matching of high marginal propensity to consume (MPC) workers to cyclical jobs. Using administrative
data from the United States, I document a positive covariance between worker MPCs and their elasticity
of earnings to GDP. This covariance is large enough to increase shock amplification by 40 percent
over an equal exposure benchmark. I provide additional evidence for this mechanism using local labor
market variation and a dynamic incomplete-markets model.
Texte intégral
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 05/03/2020 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
PINTO Gustavo (PUC-Rio)
Extended maternity leave and children's long-term development. Evidence from France
écrit avec Luc Behaghel
Countries around the world are increasingly expanding legal maternity leaves, with the dual objective of allowing mothers to recover from childbirth while protecting their job, and enhancing child development. Although the literature on the effects of parental leave on child development suggests positive effects for short paid leaves, for the case of extended periods the evidence is scarcer and tends to suggest no (or negative) effects. In this paper, we exploit a 3-year expansion of paid leave in France in 1994 and estimate the impact of mothers' eligibility for extended leave on long-term educational achievement of children. We find zero effects on schooling achievement (measured by high school graduation or holding junior high school certificate), that are robust to different specifications and tightly estimated. Moreover, this is true for different subpopulations, since we find no detectable impact heterogeneity.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 05/03/2020 de 12:30 à 13:30
salle R2-20, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
STERN Lennart (PSE)
Funding Global Public Good Institutions via taxes on aviation emissions- a comparison of three proposed mechanisms
The EU is considering taking unilateral action to achieve higher carbon pricing for international aviation. It has been proposed that the EU could start a club mechanism whereby participating countries would have to tax the emissions of all outgoing flights as well as all flights coming in from non-participants at a fixed rate. They would then have to allocate a cer- tain proportion of the tax revenue to some agreed-upon global institution for climate change mitigation. I propose an alternative club mechanism in which participating countries could allocate their tax revenue to Global Public Good Institutions (GPGIs) of their choice from a set of GPGIs recognised as eligible in the treaty establishing the mechanism. Of the tax revenue that participants decide to not allocate, they could retain a fixed proportion. The remaining revenue would be added to the GPGIs, in proportion to the aggregate allocations made to them. I consider an example where the set of eligible GPGIs consists of 2 GPGIs for global health and 4 for climate change mitigation. I estimate the payoffs that countries would derive from money being added to the different GPGIs, taking into account the heterogeneous benefits generated by each GPGI, the rents that some GPGIs create and the redistributional effects that some GPGIs induce by changing e.g. the oil price. Using an iterated best response algorithm and assuming that initially only the EU and China participate, I predict that this new mechanism can achieve 22% more wel- fare gains than the previously proposed one, raising 50% more revenue for GPGIs. I then enrich the mechanism by allowing countries to also give to so-called “Proportional Matching Funds”, which distribute their budget to subsets of GPGIs, in proportion to the direct allocations made to these GPGIs. This enriched mechanism can achieve 67% more welfare gains than the previously proposed one, raising 100% more revenue for GPGIs.
Behavior seminar
Du 05/03/2020 de 11:00 à 12:00
salle R1-13, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
AAROE Lene (Aarhus University)
Evolved psychological biases and dissemination of political information in social network
Many political news stories reach citizens via a two-step process, transmitted to them indirectly via their social networks. Yet, why do some news stories “go viral” and become transmitted heavily in citizens’ social networks with strong impact on their political opinions while others go by almost unnoticed? In this talk, I integrate theories from cognitive and evolutionary psychology into classical political science research on the flow of political communication to argue that political news stories that resonate with deep-seated psychological biases will be transmitted more and have stronger impact on citizens’ political opinions when they transmitted in their social networks. Focusing on evolved biases for cheater detection, vivid social information, and negativity, I present experimental evidence from large-scale chain transmission studies collected in Denmark and the United States as well as observational analyses of Facebook data supporting this argument.