Calendrier du 06 mai 2024
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 06/05/2024 de 17:00 à 18:30
DILLENBERGER David (UPenn)
Allocation Mechanisms with Mixture-Averse Preferences
écrit avec Uzi Segal
Consider an economy with equal amounts of N types of goods, to
be allocated to agents with strict quasi-convex preferences over lotteries. We show that ex-ante, all feasible and Pareto efficient allocations
give almost all agents binary lotteries. Therefore, even if all preferences are the same, some identical agents necessarily receive different
lotteries. Our results provide a simple criterion to show that many
popular allocation mechanisms are ex-ante inefficient. Assuming the
reduction of compound lotteries axiom, social welfare deteriorates by
first randomizing over these binary lotteries. Efficient full ex-ante
equality is achieved if agents satisfy the compound independence axiom.
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 06/05/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
EMERIAU Mathilde (SciencesPo)
In or Out? Xenophobic Violence and Immigrant Integration. Evidence from 19th century France
écrit avec Stephane Wolton
How do foreigners respond to xenophobic violence? We study Italian immigrants' response to anti-Italian violence triggered by the assassination of the French president by an Italian anarchist in June 1894. Using French nominative census records from 1881, 1886, 1891 and 1896 and official naturalization decrees published between 1887 to 1898, we study the decision of Italian immigrants to either leave their local communities or apply for naturalization using a difference-in-differences design, comparing the change in exit and naturalization application rate of Italians before and after the assassination to that of other foreigners in the same period. We document how xenophobic violence triggered an increase in both exits and naturalization applications, with greater violence or threat thereof associated with more exits. We also find that well-integrated Italians, as proxied by intermarriage, occupation, and position in the household, are more likely to naturalize and less likely to exit than less integrated ones and less integrated ones are more likely to exit. We present a stylized model of immigrants' choices to make sense of these findings.
Du 06/05/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
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La séance est annulée
Régulation et Environnement
Du 06/05/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
OLLIVIER Hélène (PSE)
The Cost of Air Pollution for Workers and Firms
This paper shows that even moderate levels of air pollution, such as those found in Europe, harm the economy by decreasing firm performance. We estimate the causal effect of fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) on firms' monthly sales and worker absenteeism using matched employer-employee data from France from 2009 to 2015. We exploit variation in air pollution induced by changes in monthly wind directions at the postcode level. We find that a 10 percent increase in monthly PM2.5 exposure decreases sales in the following two months by 0.7 percent on average, with heterogeneous effects across sectors ranging from a 0.4 percent decrease in manufacturing, construction, and business-to-business trade and services, 1.0 percent in food retail and supermarkets, to 1.4 percent in other business-to-consumer services. Concurrently, worker absenteeism due to sick leave increases by 1 percent, underscoring the negative effects of air pollution on workers' health. Yet sales losses are an order of magnitude larger than we would expect if worker absenteeism was the main channel underlying sales decrease. A heterogeneity analysis by sector and industry highlights two other important mechanisms: a detrimental effect of air pollution on the productivity of non-absent workers, and on local demand. The results from our study suggest that reducing air pollution in line with the World Health Organization's guidelines generates economic benefits largely exceeding the cost of regulation in France.