Calendrier du 14 octobre 2021
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 14/10/2021 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
GAROUSTE Manon (PSE)
Neighbor Effects and Track Choices
écrit avec Camille Hémet
The aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of neighbors' choices on individual track choices at the end of lower secondary education. To take account of endogenous location decisions, we use within-catchment-area variation in location between small statistical units in the municipality of Paris. The results suggest that close neighbors do matter in track choices at the end of lower secondary education, but only for pupils going to a vocational track. Pupils who continue in an academic track are not influenced by their neighbors. Neighbor effects tend to accentuate social segregation across high school tracks.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 14/10/2021 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R1-14 - Campus Jourdan 75014 PARIS
LEBRETON Mael (PSE)
Generosity Biases the Learning of Cultural Conventions
Human groups can markedly differ in fairness and cooperation norms, and these differences can create intergroup misunderstandings and conflict. At the same time, humans also trade and travel across cultural divides, suggesting that they can learn and adapt to new culture-specific conventions and rules of engagement. While such adaptions avoid intergroup conflict and benefit intergroup exchange, how humans learn group-specific rules that are often implicit and distinct from already learned values and norms remains poorly understood. Here we examine this fundamental learning process underlying social rule acquisition. We created three populations with different yet unobservable rules of engagement and varied whether or not decisions affected interaction partner outcomes. Participants made bargaining offers to responders from these different populations and could observe whether their offer was accepted or rejected. Participants quickly adapted to group-specific rules in learning environments without social consequences, but were overly generous and ended up misrepresenting what would be acceptable when decisions affected their partner’s outcomes. We propose a computational model, combining Bayesian principles and social preferences, that mechanistically explains how generosity leads to biased sampling, impeded learning, and false beliefs about what offers are deemed acceptable. Results suggest that generosity can induce self-fulfilling beliefs in pro-sociality norms that may help to increase cooperation and reduce conflict between distinct groups but also create inaccurate stereotypes and economic inefficiencies.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 14/10/2021 de 12:30 à 14:00
Salle R2.21, Campus Jourdan
MIHO Antonela()
AVETIAN Vladimir()
PEPES Junior - Small screen, big echo? Estimating the political persuasion of local television news bias using Sinclair Broadcast Group as a natural experiment.
This paper investigates the heterogeneous effect of biased local TV news on political outcomes and opinions. I exploit the quasi-random staggered expansion of Sinclair Broadcast Group, the now largest local TV broadcasting company in the U.S., which reached over 40% of U.S. markets in 2020. Though Sinclair has owned local TV stations since 1971, its conservative slant emerges in the run-up to the 2004 election and operates through the supply-side filtering of available news stories.
Using an event study methodology, I estimate that exposure to Sinclair bias since 2004 corresponds to a 2.5%-point increase in the presidential Republican vote share during the 2008/2012 election, an effect that doubles during the 2016/2020 elections. Estimates imply that Sinclair convinced 4.6% - 13.6% of its potential audience to vote Republican, depending on the election year.
While there is a null or negative trend for counties later exposed, interactions reveal a common trend across groups: the effect is concentrated among “isolated” counties (proxied by population change and the share of minorities and the college-educated), in contrast to economic and historical shocks.
Individual-level survey data corroborate county-level evidence, across treatment groups and election types. Little evidence exists that Sinclair’s bias increases support for traditionally Republican policy positions or populist rhetoric. Instead, I find a 10% differential change in sentiments towards the 2016 Republican candidate, depending on the respondent’s level of education. Congruently, discriminatory attitudes towards minorities and immigrants increased. The totality of the results suggests that political persuasion is a dynamic and affective process, sensitive to environmental and personal characteristics.
Behavior seminar
Du 14/10/2021 de 11:00 à 12:00
Salle R1-09 - Campus Jourdan - 75014 PARIS
RIEDL Arno (Maastricht University)
Intertemporal Social Preferences
We examine the relationship between time delay and generosity in a laboratory experi-
ment using modified dictator games. In a between-subject design we vary the time of payout
for the dictator, the receiver or both. In a within-subject design, we vary the endowment
of the dictator as well as the price of giving. We derive and test the predictions of several
models of social preferences and test if the giving decisions are representable by a utility
function.