Calendrier du 16 mai 2019
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 16/05/2019 de 15:45 à 17:00
PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
HERKENHOFF Kyle (University of Minnesota)
Production and Learning in Teams
écrit avec Jeremy Lise University of Minnesota and FRB Minneapolis, Guido Menzio NYU and NBER, Gordon Phillips Dartmouth College and NBER
The effect of coworkers on the learning and the productivity of an individual is measured combining theory and data. The theory is a frictional equilibrium model of the labor market in which production and the accumulation of human capital of an individual are allowed to depend on the human capital of coworkers. The data is a matched employer-employee dataset of US firms and workers. The measured production function is supermodular. The measured human capital function is non-linear: Workers catch-up to more knowledgeable coworkers, but are not dragged-down by less knowledgeable ones. The market equilibrium features a pattern of
sorting of coworkers across teams that is inefficiently positive. This inefficiency results in low human capital individuals having too few chances to learn from more knowledgeable coworkers and, in turn, in a stock of human capital and a ow of output that are inefficiently low.
Texte intégral
Football et sciences sociales : les footballeurs entre institutions et marchés
Du 16/05/2019 de 14:30 à 16:30
salle R1-15 campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan, 75014 Paris
HELLEU Boris (Université de Caen Normandie)
Twitter, l’autre terrain de jeu du football
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 16/05/2019 de 12:30 à 13:45
WEBER Giacomo (PSE)
Free Mobility of Labor: How are neighboring labor markets affected by the EU Eastern enlargement of 2004?
In recent years there has been growing public and political opposition against the principle of free movement of labor within the European Union (EU). Concerns are often based on the belief that immigrants hurt residents' labor market opportunities and they are particularly pronounced toward the mobility of nationals from countries that joined the EU since 2004. In this paper, we provide the first evaluation of the labor market effects of an increase in immigration on neighboring markets that resulted from the EU Eastern enlargement of 2004. Our empirical strategy exploits the fact that municipalities closer to the border received larger shares of immigrant workers after 2004 due to lower commuting costs. Relying on social security data on the universe of workers in Austrian municipalities within commuting distance to the new EU Member States from 1997 to 2015, we first show that the share of nationals from the new EU Member States among all employees increased by
a factor of four over our observation period and that this increase is larger in municipalities closer to the border. Second, comparing changes over time in labor markets closer to the border to those further away
within regions, we observe for subgroups of resident workers that their employment decreases relatively faster in municipalities closer to the border after 2004. This negative effect tends to be more pronounced in
blue-collar occupations and for non-Austrian workers.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 16/05/2019 de 12:30 à 14:00
salle R2-21, campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
FERRAZ Claudio (University of British Columbia)
Internet Access, Social Media, and the Behavior of Politicians: Evidence from Brazil
écrit avec Pedro Bessone, Filipe Campante, and Pedro CL Souza
Recent years have witnessed the remarkable diffusion of social media, such as Facebook, in tandem with the spread of the cell phones that have become the key tool for access to those media. We ask whether this has affected the accountability of politicians, in a context where the coverage of local politicians by traditional media is negligible. Using data on the spread of 3G cell phone networks across municipalities in Brazil, we implement a triple-differences strategy to show how legislators respond when municipalities that are part of their electoral base obtain access to the 3G technology. The reaction takes place both in their social media activity – they increase the number of Facebook mentions to the municipality – and in their legislative activity – they decrease the amount of earmark transfers to the municipality and mentions to those municipalities in Congressional speeches. We thus find direct evidence of substitution between the online and offline types of responses. We also show that citizens increase their social media interaction with politicians, as measured by Facebook “likes,” “shares,” or “comments.” Taken together, our results suggest that the combination of social media and mobile phones creates the potential for substitution between online and offline behaviors of the politicians.
Du 16/05/2019 de 11:00 à 12:00
ANDERSON Chris (LSE)
*
Behavior seminar
Du 16/05/2019 de 11:00 à 12:00
salle R2-21, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
BELLET Clément (Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam)
The Impact of Employee Mood on Productivity
écrit avec Jan-Emmanuel De Neve et George Ward
A growing number of firms claim to place a strong emphasis on the “happiness” of their
employees as a way to boost performance. Yet, despite this, there is a lack of causal field
evidence on the link between mood and productivity. We measure employee mood at a large
telecommunications firm using a novel weekly survey over a 6 month period, and link these
reports with detailed individual-level administrative measures of workplace behaviors and
performance. Being in a positive mood improves weekly sales by around 13%. Exploiting
variation in local weather conditions, we show that na¨?ve OLS estimates are a lower bound
on the causal effect of mood on productivity. We discuss various threats to the validity of
our instrumented analysis, and consider a number of different mechanisms. The data suggest
that the effect of mood on performance runs largely through workers converting more calls
to sales, rather than working any faster or putting in more hours.