Calendrier du 16 juin 2021
Paris Migration Seminar
Du 16/06/2021 de 17:30 à 18:30
MESNARD Alice ()
Temporary visas against smuggling
écrit avec joint with Emmanuelle Auriol and Tiffanie Perrault
We model the supply of human smuggling services and the demand from workers in low wage countries. We show that carefully designed temporary visa schemes can drive smugglers out of business while meeting labor market needs in host countries. The configuration of these schemes influences the size and composition of worker flows. We show that the policy trade-off between migration control and liberalized borders can be overcome by combining internal and external controls with temporary visas sold at 'eviction' prices, set to throttle smugglers' businesses. We use information on illegal migrants from Senegal to Europe to calibrate eviction prices of temporary visas and subsequent variations in migration flows. Our numerical applications highlight important constraints for governments seeking to prevent temporary workers' overstay and discuss the extent to which such schemes are viable.
Histoire des entreprises et de la finance
Du 16/06/2021 de 17:00 à 18:30
FLIERS Philip (Queen s University in Belfast)
Was Marshall Right? Managerial Failure and Corporate Ownership in Edwardian Britain
écrit avec with Michael Aldous et John Turner.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 16/06/2021 de 16:30 à 18:00
Via Zoom
A. SHRESTHA Slesh (National University of Singapore)
Motivating Equity: The Impact of Incentives on Elected Local Politicians in India
Over the last few years there has been a widespread perception that democracy is under siege, and that the mere existence of electoral representation does not guarantee good government. Some of this skepticism is due to government failures associated with electoral democracy, including clientelism where goods and services are provided to sub-groups of the electorate for political support, that make the actions of government more inequitable. The question then is whether policy interventions can be designed as a corrective to these government failures, to improve the performance of elected officials, and motivate them to act more equitably? To investigate this, we randomly assigned elected village leaders in India to one of two incentive schemes: either a higher public budget, or a non-financial reward in the form of a public certificate that they can use in election campaigns. Both incentives improved the performance of elected leaders. More strikingly, the latter nonfinancial incentive also led to a more equitable within-village allocation of public resources. On the other hand, financial incentives did not affect within-village inequities. These results are consistent with the theoretical predictions from our voting model where the signal of unobserved politician quality varies across different voter sub-groups, and they provide strong evidence that policies that reduce such information asymmetries can lead to more equitable government action.
Economic History Seminar
Du 16/06/2021 de 15:00 à 16:30
Via Zoom
LEMERCIER Claire(CNRS)
TRIVELLATO Francesca(IAS Princeton)
1751 and Thereabout: A Quantitative and Comparative Approach to Notarial Records
This article asks a simple question that nevertheless has broad implications for historians of pre-modern Continental Europe: What did notaries do? It answers it by applying descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and clustering techniques to the typological distribution of deeds preserved in the notarial collections of six French and Italian cities – Paris, Toulouse, Mende, Turin, Florence, and Livorno – for the year 1751, as well as smaller sets of data for other dates and locations. The results of this analysis are surprising. In spite of a high degree of consistency in the notarial terminology (a trait that facilitated our comparisons), the notarial culture of each city varied greatly. Variations within a single state were sometimes greater than those across state borders. Both supply and demand of notarial services differed from city to city. Overall, our conclusions are as important as the methodology that we adopt to reach them. Our aim is to offer a replicable analysis that puts quantitative methods in the service not only of the study of a source (notarial records) that is widespread across late medieval and early modern continental Europe and its overseas empires, but also of a renewed comparative history that does not shy away from the heterogeneity of primary sources.