Calendrier du 18 octobre 2018
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 18/10/2018 de 15:45 à 17:00
PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
JEAN FLEMMING (Oxford University)
*Costly Commuting and the Job Ladder
Households in the UK spent over £1,000 per worker on commuting in 2017. The total cost of commuting may greatly exceed the monetary cost because commuting and the associated congestion affect workers’ incentives for job search and acceptance. At the same time, workers’ decisions about where to work determine congestion. Policies targeting congestion can thus affect employment and inequality through their interaction with workers’ process of job search. Using UK data on commuting and employment outcomes, I find a strong positive relationship between commuting time and job mobility. To understand the empirical patterns and quantify the aggregate implications, I build a novel model featuring a frictional labor market in which commuting gives rise to congestion as workers travel similar paths to work. I consider the previously unexplored interaction between congestion, employment, aggregate productivity, and housing rents as workers move from job to job and across space. Since it takes time to find a close and productive job, and because moving house is costly, many workers commute to distant jobs. In doing so, they contribute to congestion and affect the incentives of other workers to accept job offers. The quantitative model suggests that a significant share of the welfare gains from remote working policies are due to decreases in congestion.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
salle R2-01, campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
ROLAND Gerard (UC Berkeley )
The Deep Historical Roots of Modern Culture: A comparative perspective
This paper presents evidence showing that since antiquity there have been two opposed types of institutional systems: one resembling central planning and present in ancient China, ancient Egypt, the Inca Empire and other territorial states, and another one with strong market institutions, protection of property rights present mostly in city-states not just in the Mediterranean but throughout the world. Evidence is presented that these institutional differences dating back to the antiquity, and shaped by special geographical conditions, can be seen to be at the root of the two cultural systems in today’s world: individualism and collectivism. These cultural differences have effects on economic performance and institutions in today’s world.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
salle R2-01 campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan 750147 Paris
ROLAND Gerard (UC Berkeley )
*
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
salle R2-20, campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan, 75014 Paris
PEJSACHOWICZ Leonardo (Paris 1)
*
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
TO Maxime (IPP)
Family, firms and the gender wage gap in France
écrit avec Co-authors: E. Coudin and S. Maillard
This paper explores how two main channels explaining the gender wage
gap, namely the heterogeneity of firm pay policies and sex-specific wage consequences
of parenthood, interact. We explore the firm heterogeneity channel
by applying the model proposed by Card, Cardoso, and Kline 2016. After
controlling for individual and firm heterogeneity, we show that the sorting of
women into lower-paying firms accounts for 11 % of the average gender wage
gap in the French private sector, whereas within-firm gender inequality does
not contribute to the gap. Performing these decompositions all along workers’
life cycle, we find evidence that this sorting mechanism activates shortly after
birth. These gender-specific and dynamic firm choices generate wage losses
all along mothers’ careers, in addition to direct child wage penalties. After
birth, mothers tend to favor firms with more flexible work hours and home
proximity, which may be detrimental to their labor market opportunities, as,
within these contexts, firms may gain relative monopsonic power.
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