Calendrier du 21 décembre 2017
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 21/12/2017 de 12:30 à 13:30
WANG Olivier (NYU Stern)
Labor market responses to payroll tax reductions
Payroll tax reductions are a popular tool to lower the minimum labor cost and encourage employment and job creation. Effects of these tax reductions go beyond the directly affected. A particular concern about such policies is that more productive jobs may be replaced with less productive ones. We examine payroll tax reductions using an equilibrium search-and-matching model estimated from the French administrative data. We find that lowering taxes on low-paid work induces low-productivity workers to enter the labor market and low-productivity firms to post more vacancies. These behaviors congest the labor market, resulting in lower employment among high-productivity workers and negative impacts on aggregate production. We find that, rather than reducing taxes for a wide range of jobs, restricting payroll tax reductions to minimum wage jobs helps low-wage workers, but the resulting congestion effect is also stronger. Taking this trade-off into account, we determine who should benefit from payroll reductions.
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Behavior seminar
Du 21/12/2017 de 11:00 à 12:00
48, BLD JOURDAN PARIS (75014) Salle R2-21
TENAND Marianne ()
Long--term care use in the Netherlands: equal treatment for equal needs? An assessment using administrative data.
The Netherlands stands out for offering a generous public coverage of long-term care (LTC) services to its disabled elderly population. In our paper, we investigate whether the Dutch system ensures socio-economic horizontal equity in the use of LTC services, i-e whether individuals with similar needs for LTC receive the same amount of services, irrespective of their income. While most studies of horizontal equity in health care use typically rely on a statistically derived measure of needs, we use the eligibility assessment made by the Dutch independent central LTC assessment agency as an explicit norm of vertical equity. We exploit rich administrative data on the universe of the individuals aged 60 or more eligible for public LTC in 2012 (N=616,934). Our data allow us to construct a measure of LTC use (resp. needs) as the monetary value of all institutional care and home care services the individual used (resp. was entitled to) in 2012, while providing individual socio-economic and demographic information. We find substantial pro-poor concentration of LTC use, only partially offset by poorer individuals having higher needs for LTC. The differential gap between use and needs across the income distribution is especially marked among those eligible for home care. Income, age and household composition contribute to pro-poor income-related horizontal inequity, while regional differences in use, origin and wealth show a negligible contribution.