Calendrier du 24 octobre 2019
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 24/10/2019 de 15:45 à 17:00
PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
KOLLMANN Robert (Université de Bruxelles)
Stationary Rational Bubbles in Non-Linear Business Cycle Models
This paper shows that stationary sunspot equilibria can exist in standard non-linear DSGE models, even when the linearized versions of those models have a unique solution. Thus, those non-linear models can exhibit stationary fluctuations, even if there are no shocks to productivity, preferences of other ‘fundamentals’. In the sunspot equilibria considered here, the economy may temporarily diverge from the no-sunspots trajectory, before abruptly reverting towards that trajectory. In contrast to rational bubbles in linear models (Blanchard (1979)), the rational bubbles considered here are stationary--their path does not explode. Numerical simulations suggest that non-linear DSGE models driven solely by stationary bubbles can generate persistent fluctuations of real activity and capture key business cycle stylized facts.
Texte intégral
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 24/10/2019 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
HILLION Mélina (Paris School of Economics)
How school context and management influence sick leave and teacher departure
Many studies show that management practices and the work environment contribute to corporate and state performance. However, their impact on workers' behavior and health has received little attention so far. A better understanding of their role could help designing appropriate measures to reduce absenteeism from work and health care expenditures. In this paper, I exploit a unique matched employer-employee dataset that contains all the absence episodes of secondary school teachers in France over the period 2006-2016. I take advantage of the mobility of teachers and school principals between schools to decompose teacher absences into individual, work-related and residual contributions. I classify schools and principals into quartiles according to the values of their estimated fixed effect on absenteeism. I find that the absence duration of teachers is multiplied by 3 (an increase of about 8 days per year) on average between the first and fourth quartile of school effects on absenteeism, and multiplied by 2.4 (an increase of about 6 days per year) on average between the first and fourth quartile of school principal effects on absenteeism. I find that teacher turnover increases for schools (respectively principals) that increase absenteeism, and that teachers are even more likely to leave these schools (respectively principals) if they are more absent than their colleagues. Then, I examine a subsample of schools matched to the 2013 and 2016 working conditions surveys. I find that school effects on absenteeism are positively correlated with work intensity and hostile behaviors, while school principal effects on absenteeism are negatively correlated with hierarchical support. Finally, school effects on absenteeism are negatively associated with teachers' psychological well-being as measured by the WHO-5 index.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 24/10/2019 de 12:30 à 13:30
salle R2-20, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
GHERSENGORIN Alexis (Oxford)
Revealed Preference Formation
écrit avec N. Boissonnet and S. Gleyze
We propose a theory of preference formation together with conditions on choice
data that identify our model. We introduce non-behavioral objects which causes DM’s
preferences and we describe how DM can rationally act on these causes. Our contribution
is to provide rigorous and testable foundations for building theories of endogenous
preferences, evolving attention, etc. Specifically, we consider a model of
reason-based choice in which DM’s behavior is motivated by some properties she
thinks are relevant for decision making. Alternatives are compared with respect to
how well their properties satisfy DM’s motivations. Preferences are evolving because
whenever she becomes aware of a set of properties, DM can decide to make them relevant
or irrelevant for her future choices. We identify when this decision is based on
the maximization of a meta-preference, implying that preference formation is deliberate.
We resolve the underdetermination associated with (deterministic) theories of
reason-based choice by exploiting the intertemporal structure of preference changes.