Calendrier du 24 mars 2023
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 24/03/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
RENK Andréa (PSE and Université de Namur)
Prevalence and reporting of domestic violence: study of a `one-door' system in Nepal
écrit avec Maëlle Stricot (PSE)
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 24/03/2023 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1.13
LAFFITTE Sébastien (ECARES ULB)
The Market for tax havens
I investigate the determinants of the development of tax havens using a novel database that
tracks the building of offshore institutions in 48 tax havens. By tracking offshore regulations in
tax havens, this is the first database to identify when tax havens became so. After describing the
development of tax havens in the 20th century and several key empirical patterns, I explore their
causal determinants. Building on a theoretical framework and on the idea that tax havens are the
suppliers in the market for offshore services, I explore two types of market shocks. First, I show
that demand shocks, identified through changes in tax rates in neighboring countries, explain why
countries become tax havens. Second, I find that competition shocks, identified through changes in
the number of tax havens in neighboring countries, explain why tax havens update their regulations.
This reaction is facilitated by the diffusion of legal technologies between tax havens. Finally, I show
that becoming a tax haven generates GDP per capita gains for countries adopting this status. My
results suggest that high-tax countries’ policymakers should anticipate the responses of tax havens
to international tax reforms by making their potential legal innovations costly.
Texte intégral
EPCI (Economie politique du changement institutionnel) Seminar
Du 24/03/2023 de 11:00 à 12:30
Salle 1 (rez-de-chaussée), MSE 112 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris
TASSINARI Arianna (University of Bologna)
Putting wage growth back on the table: Labour incorporation, political exchange and wage boosting policies in semi-peripheral economies
écrit avec with Assaf Bondy (Haifa University) and Erez Maggor (Tel Aviv University).
Growth models scholarship posits that wage-led growth has become increasingly difficult to achieve in advanced capitalist economies since the demise of Fordism. The constraints to the pursuit of policies compatible with a wage-led growth strategy could be expected to be even more stringent in peripheral growth models, which rely on exports, suppression of domestic demand and labour disempowerment to relax their current account constraints and achieve integration into global markets. Yet, empirical experience shows that even peripheral economies embarked on export-led growth strategies can experience occasional boosts in domestic demand fuelled by wage increases and social transfers, which might lead to a change of their growth models. How can we explain the emergence of such wage boosting policies in the context of peripheral export-oriented economies? Drawing on the cases of Israel, Poland and Spain since the Great Recession, we identify one common explanatory mechanism for this unlikely outcome: the contingent political incorporation of organized labour through cross-class political exchange in the coalition supporting a country’s model of accumulation. We identify two scope conditions that enable the implementation of such wage-boosting policies in unlikely contexts. Domestic political instability, coupled with a contingent relaxation of prior economic constraints, leads governing parties of both left and right orientation to activate political exchange with unions, resulting in the implementation of diverse policies boosting both salaries and the social wage. Nonetheless, the depth and durability of such changes remains conditioned and fragile. The findings develop our understanding of the role of, and structural limits to, organized labour agency to achieve wage growth in export-oriented peripheral economies.