Calendrier du 29 novembre 2023
Development Economics Seminar
Du 29/11/2023 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
SCHANER Simone (University of Southern California)
Accountability at a Cost? The Impact of Citizen-Led Auditing on Social Protection Provision
écrit avec Charity Troyer Moore and Rohini Pande
We employ an at-scale randomized experiment to evaluate how one of the world's largest citizen-led monitoring efforts, India's ``social audits'' initiative, impacted corruption and access to social protection in one of India's poorest states. A unique feature is the program's reliance on female auditors drawn from village self-help groups. Combining administrative data on program expenditures with survey data, we document how the nature of corruption varies across the two distinct schemes linked to India's workfare program. Submitting names of villagers who did not work was the main form of leakage in the public works scheme, whereas kickbacks dominated in the national housing scheme, which provides a conditional cash transfer for home construction. Audits reduced corruption in both programs, with differing implications for participants by program. Reduced corruption in public works was accompanied by lower levels of implementation and therefore less access -- survey data show the share of citizens participating reduced by more than 50% in audited communities. Conditional on participating, amounts received by citizens did not change. In contrast, audits reduced kickbacks paid to local leaders under the national housing program by 28% and as a result income retained by participants increased by 7%.
Du 29/11/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
Economic History Seminar
Du 29/11/2023 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
VIPOND Hilary (LSE)
Technological Unemployment in Victorian Britain
There is no quantitative record of jobs lost to, and generated by, creative destruction as
industries mechanized in Great Britain over the 19th century. Such a record would enable a long
run view of the impact of occupational decline, adding a dimension to debates on the future of
work. I create a new, sub-industry, level of occupation for England between 1851-1911, using
text recorded in individual level English census observations, as digitized by the Integrated Census
Microdata project (ICeM). I focus on the impact of mechanization on the bootmaking industry,
and assign 1.3 million English bootmakers to the sub-industry ”tasks” they performed. I show
that technological unemployment obscured at an industry level analysis is revealed at the task
level. In bootmaking, the occupational structure was transformed as the industry mechanized.
Approximately 152 000 jobs disappeared as skills became obsolete, and another 144 000 jobs,
demanding new skills, were generated. The new jobs went almost entirely to young bootmakers,
and incumbents were not able to transition into the new employment opportunities.