Calendrier du 30 mars 2022
Paris Migration and Demographic Economics Seminar (PMDES)
Du 30/03/2022 de 17:30 à 19:00
Salle R2.01, Campus Jourdan
DUSTMANN Christian (UCL)
Labor Market Effects of Immigration – Identification and Interpretation
écrit avec joint with Sebastian Otten, Uta Schönberg and Jan Stuhler
This paper revisits the literature on the effects immigration has on native wages and employment. We show that the regional employment effect as identified by prior studies can be decomposed into an individual displacement effect, a reallocation effect, and a crowding out effect. Exploiting quasi-experimental variation in the supply of foreign workers across German regions, we document that the individual displacement effect on existing workers constitutes only a small fraction of the regional effect. We then document a similar identification problem in the estimation of immigration’s effect on wages, distinguishing the effect on the regional wage from its effect on the price of labor that abstracts from compositional changes induced by workers entering or leaving a region exposed to immigration. While the short-run effect on the price of labor is negative, the impact on regional wages is negligible. These results suggest that prior studies on cross-sectional data offer only limited insights into two central questions: how immigration affects the price of labor, and how immigration affects the labor market outcomes of native workers.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 30/03/2022 de 16:30 à 17:30
Salle R2.01, Campus Jourdan
KU Hyejin (UCL)
The Rise of China and the Global Production of Scientific Knowledge
écrit avec Joint with Tianrui Mu (UCL)
Scientific progress is more important than ever in tackling many challenges the world faces. Recently, the momentum for new developments has shifted eastward, in particular as China has dramatically expanded its scientific output. Today, China trails only the US as the world’s leading producer of high-quality scientific research. Understanding how China’s ascent has affected worldwide production of scientific knowledge is therefore of key importance. To shed light on the causal impact of China’s rise in science on research productivity elsewhere, we focus on the evolution of scientific publications at world-leading universities over 1996-2016, exploiting patterns of research collaborations between institutions. We find that non-Chinese universities that have stronger historical links to China collaborate substantially more with China in the late 2000s and also produce more scientific output in general. These effects are heterogeneous across research fields and also across the quality of research publications. We explore the movements of Chinese students going abroad and returning to China as a possible mechanism driving these findings.
Histoire des entreprises et de la finance
Du 30/03/2022 de 16:00 à 17:30
Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan
EFFOSSE Sabine (Université Paris Nanterre)
The banking emancipation of married women in 20th Century France
Economic History Seminar
Du 30/03/2022 de 12:00 à 13:30
Salle R1.09, Campus Jourdan
BENGTSSON Erik (Lund University)
Incomes and Income Inequality in Stockholm, 1870–1970: Evidence from Micro Data
écrit avec with Jakob Molinder (Uppsala)
This paper builds on a new dataset of 36,630 randomly sampled Stockholm residents from the population register, which was also the income tax list, with information about people’s incomes of various types, age, and household composition, in the years 1870, 1880, 1900, 1920, 1940 and 1950. We use this dataset, along with a Statistics Sweden random sample of 67,733 Stockholm residents from 1970, to calculate the growth and distribution of incomes in Stockholm over a hundred years. The Gini coefficient for adults with incomes fell from about 60 in 1870 to about 50 in 1900, then increased again to almost 60 in 1920. There was a large equalization to 1940, with a Gini coefficient of slightly above 46, and further equalization to slightly above 40 in 1950 and just below 40 in 1970. The share of total income accruing to the top decile was quite stable 1870–1920 (while the top one percent’s share grew 1900–1920) and fell steeply afterwards. Women constitute the lion’s share of the bottom half of income earners. Domestic service was very low paid and the single most common occupation in the city but decreased as share of working-class jobs from 45 percent in 1870 to 10 percent in 1950. Using birthplace information in the 1940 and 1950 data, we also show that domestic migrants could improve their income significantly by moving to Stockholm. We also study inequality on the household level. The (long-run decreasing) trend is very similar on the household level compared to the individual level, but while inequality was slightly higher on the household level in 1870 and 1880, it was more equal than individual-level inequality in 1950.