Calendrier du mois de octobre 2018
WIP (Work in progress) Working Group
Du 31/10/2018 de 11:00 à 12:30
Salle R1-15, campus Jourdan - 75014 PARIS
MEHMOOD Sultan()
ATALLAH Marian()
VANNIER Brendan()
*
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 30/10/2018 de 17:00 à 18:00
RAïS Setti ()
My Baby Shot Me Down: Child Health Shock Externalities on Mothers’ Health
Du 30/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 30/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R1-09, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
SICSIC Michaël ()
The elasticity of labor income: evidence from French tax and benefit reforms, 2006-2015
I provide estimates of the elasticity of labor income with respect to the marginal net-of-tax rate (MNTR) on the 2006-2015 period for France. I follow the methodology of the ETI literature using panel data, with several contributions. I exploit not only income tax reforms but also means-tested benefits reforms in order to compare these elasticities. Over the 2006–2015 period covered, the reforms went to different directions (leading to up and downs of MNTR) and some reforms affected MNTR differently for individuals with the same level of income depending on family configuration, which provide good source identification. This variety of reforms enables me to estimate different elasticities for different types of people. I focus on the individual response of labor income but I also compute cross elasticities of other income of the household (spouse labor income and capital income). Finally, I also test various ways to deal with means reversion, heterogeneous income trend, and endogeneity of MNTR, and add lots of controls since the data used provides a great variety of socio-demographic covariates.
Estimation yields compensated elasticities of approximately 0.1 for all reforms, 0.2 for income tax reforms, 0.1 for in-work reforms (RSA activité), and not significant for other means-tested benefits (family allowance). This can be explained by the fact that income tax reforms are more salient than benefit reforms. Other results include the fact that the elasticities are higher for the top decile, for single people, and for people between 20 and 30 years old. Moreover, cross elasticities are negative, which is consistent with income shifting.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 26/10/2018 de 12:45 à 13:45
Salle R2.01, 48 Bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
SALDARRIAGA Víctor (PSE)
A Drop of Love? Rainfall Shocks and Spousal Abuse: Evidence from Rural Peru
Do women suffer more abuse from their partners during times of economic hardship? We address this inquiry by exploring whether and how exposure to rainfall shocks affects violence against women in rural Peru, where agriculture constitutes the main economic activity and crop yields largely depend on weather realizations. We fi nd sizable impacts: exposure to an event of drought (but not flood) during the last rainy season increases the prevalence of physical violence perpetrated by male partners against women by 65 percent. Moreover, we find that women are 60 percent more likely to suffer physical trauma from the abuse -- a result that is caused by the experience of more frequent, but not more severe, violent acts. These results may be explained by two underlying mechanisms: a decline in the time couples spend together that results from changes in spouses' employment patterns and that increases suspicion towards women and an increase in stress levels that leads to undesired behaviors such as alcohol-use disorders and alcohol-related aggressions from men.
Behavior Working Group
Du 26/10/2018 de 10:00 à 10:45
MSE S/18
WANG Olivier (NYU Stern)
Information curse in financial forecasting
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 25/10/2018 de 15:45 à 17:00
PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
GIORDANO Claire (Bank of Italy)
*Real exchange rate misalignments in the euro area
écrit avec Michael Fidora and Martin Schmitz (ECB)
Building upon a behavioural equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) model, estimated at a quarterly frequency since 1999 on a broad sample of 57 countries, this paper assesses whether both the size and persistence of real effective exchange rate misalignments from the levels implied by economic fundamentals have been affected by the adoption of a single currency. A comparison of real misalignments across different country groupings (euro area, non-euro area advanced and emerging economies) in the post-1999 period shows they are smaller in the euro area than in its main trading partners. However, in the euro area real disequilibria are more persistent, although not anymore after the global financial crisis. An improvement in the quality of regulation and institutions is found to reduce the persistence of real exchange rate misalignments, plausibly by removing real rigidities.
Texte intégral
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 25/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:45
GLOVER Dylan (INSEAD)
Job Search and Intermediation under Discrimination: Evidence from Terrorist Attacks in France
Using detailed, high frequency data on potential job matches made through the French Public Employment Service (PES), I present evidence showing that search intensity both by and for minority jobseekers is highly sensitive to a shock that increases bias against their type. On average, minority jobseekers -- defined as having a first name of Arabic origin -- significantly reduce their job search effort in the 10 weeks following the January 2015 "Charlie Hebdo" attacks compared to majority jobseekers, defined as those with classically French sounding first names. Employers also reduce their search effort for minority candidates for their high quality contracts. This drop is offset by a substantial increase in counselor matching effort made for minorities after the shock, but only in areas with low latent levels of discrimination. In addition, this counselor compensatory effect is driven by counselors who are themselves minorities and for majority counselors who specialize in getting the most marginalized jobseekers back to work. Overall, negative employment effects on minorities are only observed in micromarkets outside of the PES' purview. This suggests that labor market intermediaries may play an important role in mitigating adverse shocks that affect labor supply.
Economic History Seminar
Du 24/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
CARANTON Julien (Université de Grenoble)
Des ouvriers si imprévoyants ? La gestion des retraites au sein des associations mutualistes (Grenoble, seconde moitié du XIXe siècle)
Au tournant des décennies 1840-1850, les élites libérales et saint-simoniennes françaises, inspirées par le modèle anglais des friendly societies, critiquent «l’empirisme» des mutualistes en matière de gestion des retraites ouvrières. Ces élites militent en faveur d’une organisation scientifique et rationnelle des sociétés de secours mutuels. Certaines de leurs prescriptions, ayant pour objectif de sensibiliser les mutualistes au coût de la prévoyance sociale, sont intégrées aux premiers textes venant réguler l’activité mutualiste (loi de 1850, décrets de 1852 et de 1856). À partir du cas grenoblois, cette communication souhaite présenter la manière dont les mutualistes ont intégré ces prescriptions afin de développer leur propre notion de coût de la prévoyance sociale.
Paris Trade Seminar
Du 23/10/2018 de 14:30 à 16:00
MSE - 106 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris - Room 6th floor
FELBERMAYR Gabriel (Munich)
Rules of Origin and the Profitability of Trade Deflection
écrit avec Feodora Teti and Erdal Yalcin
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 23/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
SEGAL Paul (KCL )
Inequality as Entitlements over Labour
The study of economic inequality is fundamentally concerned with differing entitlements over goods and services. Economists of inequality have neglected a different aspect of economic inequality discussed by social commentators at least since Rousseau: that it also implies that one person is entitled to command the labour of another person for their own consumption purposes. I call this inequality as entitlements over labour. I propose a measure called the service ratio, which calculates the extent to which the rich can afford to buy the labour of their compatriots. Unlike standard measures of economic inequality the service ratio is not welfarist, but instead has its normative basis in the economic relations between people. I estimate service ratios in a selection of countries over time, and illustrate the relationship between this measure and standard measures of inequality. Beyond its normative interpretation, I argue that inequality as entitlements over labour is salient in two dimensions. First, it is sociologically salient because the ability to employ domestic service is essential to conceptions of upper middle class lifestyles. Relatedly, it has also underpinned rising female labour market participation. Second, it is politically salient because the extent of domination through command over labour is a zero-sum game between the rich and the non-rich.
Du 23/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
GSIELM (Graduate Students International Economics and Labor Market) Lunch Seminar
Du 22/10/2018 de 13:00 à 14:00
Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S/19
TRESA Enxhi (Université Cergy-Pontoise)
*
Régulation et Environnement
Du 22/10/2018 de 12:00 à 13:00
salle R1-13, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
DOUENNE Thomas ()
Disaster risks, disaster strikes and economic growth: the role of preferences
This paper studies the role of preferences on the link between disasters and growth. An endogenous growth model with disasters is presented in which one can derive closed-form solutions with nonexpected utility. The model distinguishes disaster risks and disaster strikes and highlights the numerous mechanisms through which they may affect growth. It is shown that separating aversion to risk from the elasticity of inter-temporal substitution bears critical qualitative implications that enable to better understand these mechanisms. In a calibration of the model, it is shown that for standard parameter values, the additional restriction imposed by the time-additive expected utility can also lead to substantial quantitative bias regarding optimal risk-mitigation policies and growth. The paper thus calls for a wider use of non-expected utility in the modeling of disasters, in particular with respect to environmental disasters and climate change.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 19/10/2018 de 12:45 à 13:45
Salle R2.01, 48 Bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
DUTRONC-POSTEL Paul (PSE)
Pensions and elderly migrations in South Africa
écrit avec Alessandro TONDINI (PSE)
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 18/10/2018 de 15:45 à 17:00
PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
JEAN FLEMMING (Oxford University)
*Costly Commuting and the Job Ladder
Households in the UK spent over £1,000 per worker on commuting in 2017. The total cost of commuting may greatly exceed the monetary cost because commuting and the associated congestion affect workers’ incentives for job search and acceptance. At the same time, workers’ decisions about where to work determine congestion. Policies targeting congestion can thus affect employment and inequality through their interaction with workers’ process of job search. Using UK data on commuting and employment outcomes, I find a strong positive relationship between commuting time and job mobility. To understand the empirical patterns and quantify the aggregate implications, I build a novel model featuring a frictional labor market in which commuting gives rise to congestion as workers travel similar paths to work. I consider the previously unexplored interaction between congestion, employment, aggregate productivity, and housing rents as workers move from job to job and across space. Since it takes time to find a close and productive job, and because moving house is costly, many workers commute to distant jobs. In doing so, they contribute to congestion and affect the incentives of other workers to accept job offers. The quantitative model suggests that a significant share of the welfare gains from remote working policies are due to decreases in congestion.
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
salle R2-20, campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan, 75014 Paris
PEJSACHOWICZ Leonardo (Paris 1)
*
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
salle R2-01, campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
ROLAND Gerard (UC Berkeley )
The Deep Historical Roots of Modern Culture: A comparative perspective
This paper presents evidence showing that since antiquity there have been two opposed types of institutional systems: one resembling central planning and present in ancient China, ancient Egypt, the Inca Empire and other territorial states, and another one with strong market institutions, protection of property rights present mostly in city-states not just in the Mediterranean but throughout the world. Evidence is presented that these institutional differences dating back to the antiquity, and shaped by special geographical conditions, can be seen to be at the root of the two cultural systems in today’s world: individualism and collectivism. These cultural differences have effects on economic performance and institutions in today’s world.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
salle R2-01 campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan 750147 Paris
ROLAND Gerard (UC Berkeley )
*
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 18/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
TO Maxime (IPP)
Family, firms and the gender wage gap in France
écrit avec Co-authors: E. Coudin and S. Maillard
This paper explores how two main channels explaining the gender wage
gap, namely the heterogeneity of firm pay policies and sex-specific wage consequences
of parenthood, interact. We explore the firm heterogeneity channel
by applying the model proposed by Card, Cardoso, and Kline 2016. After
controlling for individual and firm heterogeneity, we show that the sorting of
women into lower-paying firms accounts for 11 % of the average gender wage
gap in the French private sector, whereas within-firm gender inequality does
not contribute to the gap. Performing these decompositions all along workers’
life cycle, we find evidence that this sorting mechanism activates shortly after
birth. These gender-specific and dynamic firm choices generate wage losses
all along mothers’ careers, in addition to direct child wage penalties. After
birth, mothers tend to favor firms with more flexible work hours and home
proximity, which may be detrimental to their labor market opportunities, as,
within these contexts, firms may gain relative monopsonic power.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 17/10/2018 de 16:30 à 18:00
Salle R2.01, 48 Bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
KREMER Michael (Harvard University)
The Endowment Effect and Collateralized Loans
écrit avec Kevin Carney, Xinyue Lin, and Gautam Rao
This project tests a novel theoretical mechanism for low take-up of collateralized credit. Using a field experiment with a lender in Kenya, we vary whether already-owned assets serve as collateral, or whether instead the new asset being financed by the loan itself serves as collateral, as in mortgages or car loans. The experimental design holds everything except existing ownership of the collateral constant. We find that borrowers display an endowment effect over their existing assets, and thus dislike loans that place existing assets at risk of loss by providing them as collateral. They are willing to pay 8% per month higher interest to instead collateralize using the new asset being financed by the loan itself. We next show that borrowers systematically under-predict their future attachment to new assets. After taking a loan collateralized with a new asset, borrowers become attached to the new asset, and exert similar repayment effort to loans collateralized with existing assets. We develop and estimate a structural model to provide behavioral parameters and to better understand the welfare consequences of such loans.
Economic History Seminar
Du 17/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
Salle R1.13, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
CHEN Kevin (SIEPR)
Entitlement, Property, and Social Stratification in Agrarian China: A Nineteenth-century. Case from Northeast China
In her recent book, State-Sponsored Inequality: The Banner System and Social Stratification in Northeast China (Stanford University, 2017), Shuang CHEN provides a comprehensive view on how state policies, market forces, and demographic processes interacted with one another to produce inequality under state domination in nineteenth century rural northeast China. The Qing state (1644-1911) settled and classified immigrants there into distinct categories, each associated with different land entitlements. The resulting patterns of wealth stratification and social hierarchy were then simultaneously challenged and reinforced by these settlers and their descendants. Eventually the tension built into the unequal land entitlements shaped the identities of immigrant groups, and this social hierarchy persisted even after the institution of unequal state entitlements was removed. Drawing on the China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset-Shuangcheng (CMGPD-SC), which contains 1,346,826 annual observations of 107,890 individuals living between 1866 and 1913 and 37,187 plot inventories, and a large number of court cases, official correspondence, and memorials, Shuang CHEN shows how government policies and market forces may be responsible for social differentiation and social stratification in general, but the socioeconomic processes of inequality in any given society are closely associated with specific political and social institutions. In a power-based society such as China, such political entitlements constitute one of the most important factors of wealth stratification and social grouping.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 16/10/2018 de 17:00 à 18:00
LIPPMANN Quentin ()
Trickle Down Effects of Gender Quotas. Evidence from French Politics.
Paris Migration Seminar
Du 16/10/2018 de 16:30 à 19:00
PSE salle R1.09, 48 Bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
ELSNER Benjamin(University College Dublin)
MURARD Elie (University of Trento)
Immigrant Voters, Taxation and the Size of the Welfare State
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 16/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
VISKANIC Max (Sciences Po)
Dismantling the Jungle: Migrant Relocation and Extreme Voting in France
Can a small scale inflow of migrants a.ect electoral outcomes? We study whether the relocation of migrants from the Calais "Jungle" to temporary migrant-centers (CAOs) in France a.ected the results of the 2017 presidential election. Using an instrumental variables approach that relies on the size of holiday villages present in municipalities, we .find that in the presence of a CAO, the percentage growth rate of vote shares for the main far-right party (Front National) between 2012 and 2017 is reduced by about 15.7 percentage points. Given that the FN vote share increased by 20% on average between 2012 and 2017 in French municipalities, this estimation suggests that the growth rate of FN vote in municipalities with a CAO was only 25% the one of municipalities without a CAO (which corresponds to an increase lower by 4 percentage points). These e.ffects, which dissipate spatially and depend on city characteristics and on the size of the inflow, point towards the contact hypothesis (Allport (1954))
Du 16/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
ELSNER Benjamin(University College Dublin)
MURARD Elie (University of Trento)
*
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 15/10/2018 de 17:00 à 18:30
Salle R1-09, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
CRIPPS Martin (University College London )
Divisible Updating
A characterisation is provided of the belief updating processes that are independent
of how an individual chooses to divide up/partition the statistical information
they use in their updating. These divisible updating processes are in general not
Bayesian, but can be interpreted as a re-parameterisation of Bayesian updating. This
class of rules incorporates over- and under-reaction to new information in the updating
and other biases. We also show that a martingale property is, then, sufficient the updating
process to be Bayesian. Very Preliminary!!
GSIELM (Graduate Students International Economics and Labor Market) Lunch Seminar
Du 15/10/2018 de 13:00 à 14:00
Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle 114
TABARKI Badis (Université Paris 1 - PSE)
*
Régulation et Environnement
Du 15/10/2018 de 12:00 à 13:00
salle R1-13, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
MILLOCK Katrin (PSE)
The effect of flood risk information on property values around Paris
écrit avec Edwige Dubos-Paillard, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Géographie-cités) and Emmanuelle Lavaine, Montpellier University (CEEM)
The paper examines the effect of information about flood zone location on property prices in the region around Paris, France, over the period 2002 to 2012. We use unique data on real estate transactions and geo-localised amenities from a major European city exploiting the different dates of implementation of special risk zoning regulation. Using an identification strategy based on a difference-in-difference specification, the results indicate that home prices for similar real estate are 3 to 7% lower when located in a flood risk zone, depending on the sub market (flats or houses), and the discount increases the higher is the flood risk designated by the regulation. The effect is attenuated for buyers coming from locations with previous flood events.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 12/10/2018 de 12:45 à 13:45
Salle R2.01
MARGOLIS David (PSE)
Constrained Occupational Choice
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 11/10/2018 de 15:45 à 17:00
PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
WEI Shang-Jin (Columbia Graduate School of Business)
*Understanding the divergence between PPI and CPI: the role of global value chains.
This paper starts by documenting a new fact that consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI) used to move in tandem within a given country around the world, but start to diverge after 2000. Understanding the source of divergence is important as it potentially affects optimal monetary policies. We propose an explanation via the lens of global value chains. With increased length of production chains, the baskets of CPI and PPI have become more different. We build a model with multi-stage production, and derive tractable analytical solutions to show this point. Moreover, in the model, as production becomes longer, both CPI and PPI become less responsive to a given shock to the first stage of production, and the reduction in responsiveness is greater for CPI. We show that the key predictions of the model are confirmed in the data. Furthermore, we compare model predictions at the country level using calibrations and empirical patterns, and find that the two line up well as well.
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 11/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:45
HENSVIK Lena (Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy)
The Skill-Specific Impact of Past and Projected Occupational Decline
écrit avec Co-author: Oskar Nordström Skans
We show that the occupation-level association between employment growth and worker endowments of cognitive abilities and productive traits is monotonically positive, despite the polarizing relationship to wage ranks. Employment has primarily increased in occupations where workers have larger-than-average endowments of Social maturity and Verbal and Technical abilities. Occupations where workers rely on Psychological energy and Inductive abilities have instead declined. Projections of future occupational decline and automation risks are even more skill-biased but otherwise show similar associations to most of our specific skill-measures. Existing projections thus suggest that the same types of workers will continue to gain and lose in the coming decades.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 11/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
salle R2-20, campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
PEREZ Lucas (PSE)
Information Design with Agency
écrit avec Jacopo Bizzotto (University of Oslo) and Adrien Vigier (Norwegian Business School)
We study the problem of a principal who relies on an agent for the production of public information destined to the players of a continuation game. The agent has access to a status quo procedure to generate information. The principal is given the opportunity to design a better procedure, but her design is constrained by the status quo in two ways: First, the new procedure must use the same set of signals as the status quo procedure; Second, the agent incurs a cost of switching to the new procedure. The principal can reward the agent with monetary transfers up to a limited liability constraint, but we assume that procedures are not contractible, only signals are. The principal therefore faces a problem of information design with agency in which she must trade off informativeness about the states of the world to influence the continuation game with informativeness about the choice of the agent to reduce the cost of agency. We provide a general methodology for solving these problems and characterize optimal implementable procedures. We examine comparative statics with respect to switching cost. Finally, we apply our results to information acquisition, leak prevention and persuasion examples.
Behavior seminar
Du 11/10/2018 de 11:00 à 12:00
salle R2-01, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
LEPINTEUR Anthony (Université de Luxembourg)
The Asymmetric Experience of Gains and Losses in Job Security on Health
Is workers' health more sensitive to losses than gains in job security? While loss aversion, whereby losses loom larger than gains, is typically examined in relation to decisions about anticipated outcomes, I
first show using a large sample of workers from the European Household Community Panel and value-added models that losses in job security have a larger eff ect on health than equivalent job security gains. Second, I address endogeneity issues using the 1999 rise in the French Delalande tax as a quasi-natural experiment. It allows evaluating separately the causal impact of exogenous gains and losses in job security on workers' health. Di fference-in-diff erences estimation results con
rm that lower job security generates signifi
cant and robust losses in self-assessed health. Meanwhile a greater feeling of job security does not translate into a higher level of self-assessed health. These results are in line with the predictions of the model linking job security to health under the hypothesis of loss aversion built in this paper. This article also demonstrates that losses in health induced by lower job security are not transitory.
Economic History Seminar
Du 10/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
Salle R1-09, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
VAN DER BEEK Karine (Ben-Gurion U.)
Wheels of Change: Skill biased natural resources and industrialization in eighteenth century England
This paper uses an extensive cross-section of England's historical and geographical characteristics, to examine the role played by geography in determining regions' specialization, mechanization, and extent of textile production in the mid-eighteenth century. It shows that the location of English textile centers practically persisted in the same regions (i.e. the Cotswolds, East Anglia, the middle Pennines in Lancashire, and the West-Riding ) since the fourteenth century, in locations that had grinding mills in earlier periods. Our hypothesis is that the regions' resources determine its relative advantage. In the case of the textile sector, regions that had both the proximity of a rivers and a potential for high wheat yields had more watermills and mechanical workers who were required in order to construct and maintain them. Ceteris paribus, when textile fulling mills were introduced in the fourteenth century, they were more likely to be adopted in textile centers located in places with an existing relative advantage in watermill technology. To identify the effect of the existence of mechanical workers on the extent of textile productions we use the location of grinding mills in the 11th century (from Domesday Book) as an IV for mechanical workers during the first half of the 18th century and find a significant and positive effect. Our findings may imply that the availability of coal and the production of cotton textiles rather than woolens, cannot explain the adoption of steam and industrialization in the North-West by themselves, without taking into account the initial determinants for the initial development a textile center in this area.
Paris Trade Seminar
Du 09/10/2018 de 14:30 à 16:00
MSE - 106 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris - Room 6th floor
WEI Shang-Jin (Columbia Graduate School of Business)
Re-examining the Effect of Trading with China on US Local Labor Markets: A Supply Chain Perspective
écrit avec Z. Wang, X. Yu, K. Zhu
Du 09/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 09/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R1-09, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
MURARD ELIE (IZA)
Immigration and Attitudes toward Redistribution in Europe
écrit avec Alberto Alesina, Hillel Rapoport
We examine the relationship between immigration and attitudes to redistribution by assembling a new dataset of immigrant stocks at the regional level in 140 regions of 16 Western European countries. We combine census and population register records with attitudinal data from the biannual 2002-2016 rounds of the European Social Survey. We find that center and rightwing natives display lower support for redistribution when the share of immigrants in their region of residence is higher. This holds particularly in regions of countries with relatively large Welfare-States.
This negative relationship between immigration and support for redistribution is robust to the inclusion of a rich set of regional and individual controls, as well as to using alternative measures of preferences for redistribution. All these effects are stronger for immigration originating from non-European countries.
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 08/10/2018 de 17:00 à 18:30
Salle R1-09, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
SADLER Evan (Harvard)
Social Learning, False Information, and Influence Campaigns
In a model of social learning with coarse beliefs, we find qualitatively different outcomes from those in standard models: disagreement is generic, influence is multi-faceted, and information aggregation becomes impossible. We obtain a natural framework in which to study echo chambers and various strategies to manipulate beliefs in a population. I characterize a multi-dimensional measure of influence and evaluate three distinct interventions: changing minds, sowing doubt, and propaganda.
Régulation et Environnement
Du 08/10/2018 de 12:00 à 13:00
salle R1-13, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
TOIVANEN Otto (Aalto University)
Welfare effects of R&D support policies
écrit avec Tuomas Takalo & Tanja Tanayama
We build a structural model of the R&D subsidy process incorporating externalities, fixed costs
of R&D, and financial market imperfections. We estimate the model using project level R&D and
subsidy data from Finland. We conduct a counterfactual analysis of an optimal R&D tax credit
policy, the first and second best policies, and laissez-faire with no support and compare them to
the subsidy policy used in Finland. We find that the optimal R&D tax credit rate is 0.24, which is
lower than the observed average R&D subsidy rate (0.36). R&D participation does not vary
across regimes. The R&D investments and spillovers generated by the optimal R&D tax credit
and subsidy policies are significantly higher than under laissez-faire but smaller than in the first
and second best. Neither tax credits nor subsidies improve welfare compared to laissez-faire.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 05/10/2018 de 12:45 à 13:45
Salle R2.01, 48 Bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
BECERRA VALBUENA Luis (PSE)
The Impact of Formalizing Land Rights on Deforestation: Experimental Evidence from Benin
écrit avec Liam Wren Lewis and Kenneth Houngbedji
EPCI (Economie politique du changement institutionnel) Seminar
Du 05/10/2018 de 11:00 à 12:30
SalleS2 /MSE Paris 106-112 Bd de l'Hôpital 75013
WILBUR Scott (EHESS)
The Relationship between Credit Guarantees and Zombie Firms: Acase Study of Japan's Credit Guarantees for SME
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 04/10/2018 de 12:30 à 12:30
salle R2-20, campus Jourdn - 48 bd Jourdan, 75014 Paris
DWORCZAK Piotr (Northwestern University)
The Simple Economics of Optimal Persuasion
écrit avec Giorgio Martini (Stanford GSB)
Consider a Bayesian persuasion problem in which the Sender’s preferences depend only on the
mean of posterior beliefs. We show that there exists a price schedule for posterior means such that
the Sender’s problem becomes a consumer-like choice problem: The Sender purchases posterior means
using the prior distribution as her endowment. Prices are determined in equilibrium of a Walrasian
economy with the Sender as the only consumer and a single firm that has the technology to garble
the state. Welfare theorems provide a verification tool for optimality of a persuasion scheme, and
characterize the structure of prices that support the optimal solution. This price-theoretic approach
yields a tractable solution method for persuasion problems with infinite state spaces. As an application,
we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for optimality of a monotone partitional signal.
We show that the approach extends to competition in persuasion and persuasion problems with no
restrictions on Sender’s utility.
Du 04/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
salle R2-01, campus Jourdan - 48 bd Jourdan 75014 Paris
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 04/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
LE FORNER Héléne ()
Family Structure, Children’s Time Use and Parental Times
While a large number of studies emphasizes a negative effect of parental separation
on child development, little attention has been paid to the channels of this effect. This
paper shows that child and parental time invesments could be a driving channel of
the negative effect of parental separation. Using detailed time-use diaries from the
PSID-Child Development Supplement, I estimate an individual fixed effects model and
find that a change in family structure has a negative impact on time spent with at
least one parent present. Times with parents together and with fathers (only) are
highly affected, but mothers compensate partially for this decrease. Besides, to see if it
matters for child development, I estimate cognitive and non-cognitive skills production
functions using several specifications. I shed light on the heterogeneity of parental time
inputs for emotional and cognitive skills. Child and parental time investments appear
to be a possible driving channel of the effect of parental separation, especially at stake
for children whose parents get separated in their early childhood and children with
more highly educated parents.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 03/10/2018 de 16:30 à 18:00
PSE, Room 2.01, 48 Boulevard Jourdan 75014 Paris
SEKHRI Sheetal (University of Virginia)
Reppeling Rapes: Role of FDI in Empowering Women
This paper studies the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on empowerment of women. India experienced a sharp large-scale increase in FDI due to liberalization and reform of policies governing inflows of FDI. We exploit this variation and the spatial distribution of industries affected by the changes to demonstrate that FDI reduces reported rapes. Using nationally representative employment and expenditure data, we establish that greater empowerment due to a rise in women's relative income drives this finding. Analysis of household and voter survey data confirms an increased expenditure on goods that enhance safety and increased voting. We consider a series of alternative explanations and show evidence that disfavors them including “image concerns” that can lead to under-reporting to attract foreign investment.
Economic History Seminar
Du 03/10/2018 de 12:30 à 14:00
Salle R1-13, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
BENGTSSON Erik (Lund University)
Wealth and inequality in Sweden, c. 1650–1900
Previous studies of wealth inequality in Sweden have used consistent measures back to 1873 (Roine and Waldenström), and less good data for one benchmark year in 1800 (Soltow). Roine and Waldenström’s important study built on tax data. Together with colleagues, I have created a database of 1200+ probate inventories for each of the years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. The Swedish probate inventories are completely encompassing which makes it possible to study all kinds of wealth and more or less all social groups. We have so far produced a general study of inequality and its drivers 1750–1900, and separate papers on the nobility and the farmers. We are now pushing the studies further backwards by focusing on the cities.
The presentation will be a synthetic one, presenting the data that we have used and the conclusions drawn and arguments made in several papers. To summarize, we show and argue that (a) Sweden was as unequal as Britain, France and the US in 1900 – we concede the point to Piketty (2014) that ‘Sweden was not the structurally egalitarian country that we sometimes imagine’ [paper 1]. (b) The Kuznets Curve is not a good explanation of the increase in Swedish inequality in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Instead, between-class, within-sector growth of inequality is more important [1, 3]. (c) The nobility was very wealthy indeed – 61 times more wealthy than the average in 1750, and 19 times more in 1900 [1, 2]. (d) Swedish cities in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were extremely unequal, with top decile shares of wealth around 90 per cent [6]. (e) Equality only came late in Sweden; in a single-authored paper I dismiss explanations of twentieth century Social Democratic egalitarianism as continuations of any old peasant farmer-based equality, and argue that it was popular mobilization after 1870 which made Sweden the most egalitarian economy in the world [4].
The presentation will be based on the following papers:
[1] “Wealth Inequality in Sweden, 1750–1900”. The Economic History Review, 2018, vol. 71 no. 3, pp. 772-794. Co-authored with with Anna Missiaia, Mats Olsson and Patrick Svensson.
[2] “Aristocratic Wealth and Inequality in a Changing Society: Sweden, 1750–1900”. Forthcoming in the Scandinavian Journal of History. Co-authored with Anna Missiaia, Mats Olsson and Patrick Svensson.
[3] “The Wealth of the Swedish Peasant Farmer Class, 1750–1900: Composition and Distribution”. Submitted to Rural History. Co-authored with Patrick Svensson.
[4] “The Swedish Sonderweg in Question: Democratization and Inequality in Comparative Perspective, c. 1750–1920”. Forthcoming in Past & Present.
[5] “Unequal Poverty and Equal Industrialization: Finnish Wealth, 1750–1900”. Forthcoming in Scandinavian Economic History Review. Co-authored with Anna Missiaia, Mats Olsson and Ilkka Nummela.
[6] ”Wealth and Its Distribution in Swedish Cities 1650–1715”. Work in progress. Co-authored with Mats Olsson and Patrick Svensson.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 02/10/2018 de 17:00 à 18:00
ALVAREZ Bastien (CEPS, ENS)
Labour mobility and skill heterogeneity in Europe
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 02/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
GOUPILLE-LEBRET Jonathan (ENS LYON)
Inequality and Redistribution in France
écrit avec Antoine Bozio, Bertrand Garbinti, Malka Guillot et Thomas Piketty.
Du 02/10/2018 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 01/10/2018 de 17:00 à 18:30
Salle R1-09, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
RUSTICHINI Aldo (U of Minnesota)
Bioeconomics: two examples
Bioeconomic describes the research program that aims at laying the foundation of the analysis of economic and strategic behavior on its biological foundation. Bioeconomics takes seriously the hypothesis that human economic behavior is biologically based: to the first order approximation, institutions are downstream from politics, politics is downstream from culture, culture is downstream from biology. In the talk I will present two papers illustrating the concept in action.
In the first and second paper I describe how a foundation of stochastic choice on the process determining choice allows us to obtain a precise characterization of individual characteristics producing the choices; not just the economic characteristics (for example, the discount factor in a delayed payments choice task) but also the care and skill used in choice.
In the third paper I describe how we can now link educational and economic success, and hence the analysis of intergenerational mobility and inequality, to the genotype of the individuals, and identify the pathways of the effects. The theory is based on classical models of parental investment, extended to consider the genetic profile of the population.
GSIELM (Graduate Students International Economics and Labor Market) Lunch Seminar
Du 01/10/2018 de 13:00 à 14:00
Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S/2
ASSEM Hoda (PSE)
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Régulation et Environnement
Du 01/10/2018 de 12:00 à 13:00
salle R1-13, campus Jourdan - 75014 Paris
GOUEL Christophe (INRA)
The Crucial Role of International Trade in Adaptation to Climate Change
Climate change effects on agricultural yields will be uneven over the world with a few countries, mostly in high latitudes, that may experience gains, while most will see average yield decrease. This paper aims at quantifying the role of international trade in attenuating the effects of climate change by allowing the expression of the new climate-induced pattern of comparative advantages. To do this, we develop a quantitative general equilibrium trade model where the representation of acreage and land use choices is inspired from modern Ricardian trade models but also consistent with theoretical and empirical literature on land use choices. The model is calibrated on spatially explicit information about potential yields before and after climate change coming from the agronomic literature. The results show that the climate-induced yield changes generate large price movements that incentivize adjustments in acreage and trade. The new trade pattern is very different from the current one showing the important role of trade flows in adapting to climate change. This is confirmed by large increased welfare losses from climate change when adjustments in trade flows are constrained.