Calendrier du mois de octobre 2024
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 29/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
KENEDI Gustave ()
*
Development Economics Seminar
Du 23/10/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2-01
KHALIFA Suzanna (Princeton University. )
*
Economic History Seminar
Du 23/10/2024 de 12:30 à 14:00
R1-09
ROY Sutanuka (Australian National University)
Impact of British Colonial Gender Reform on Early Female Marriages and Gender Gap in Education: Evidence from Child Marriage Abolition Act, 1929
The British colonial government set the minimum age at first marriage for females as 14 years in British India in 1929. It was not implemented until 1930, six months after its announcement. Using the princely states as a control group, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate the causal impact of the abolition of female child marriage below the age of 14. Analyzing historical census data from 1911 to 1981, we find an anticipation effect: female child marriages increased in 1931 but declined sharply in the post-independence period. In the affected regions, underage female marriages declined and female educational attainment increased in the long term.
Du 22/10/2024 de 17:30 à 18:30
Within an OLG framework, we assume agents are endowed with green preferences that can modify consumption choices. We present a bi-sectoral model that clearly shows the negative and positive externalities on the en- vironment caused by the brown and green sectors. The laissez-faire model is clearly sub-optimal. It allows for larger production and pollution with- out taking into account future generations. We introduce a social planner that demonstrably increases total welfare by accounting for both present and future generations thanks to the social discount factor. We prove that the government can decentralise the social optimum by effectively managing fiscal policy instruments. Indeed, the introduction of govern- ment bonds crowds out investment in physical capital, slowing thus down production and preserving the environment. To illustrate our findings, we have also performed a series of simulations.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 22/10/2024 de 17:30 à 18:30
BARTOLINI Luciana(University of Trieste)
BOB Rijkers(PSE)
Environmental fiscal policy and optimal labour allocation
1) Within an OLG framework, we assume agents are endowed with green preferences that can modify consumption choices. We present a bi-sectoral model that clearly shows the negative and positive externalities on the en- vironment caused by the brown and green sectors. The laissez-faire model is clearly sub-optimal. It allows for larger production and pollution with- out taking into account future generations. We introduce a social planner that demonstrably increases total welfare by accounting for both present and future generations thanks to the social discount factor. We prove that the government can decentralise the social optimum by effectively managing fiscal policy instruments. Indeed, the introduction of govern- ment bonds crowds out investment in physical capital, slowing thus down production and preserving the environment. To illustrate our findings, we have also performed a series of simulations.
2) It is well established that demand can change the direction of product innovation in standard markets. But does this also work in a setting with large negative externalities? Can socially responsible consumers induce Pigouvian innovation by demanding new products that are less harmful to, e.g., the climate, biodiversity, or animal welfare? I propose an empirical test using two decades of US retail scanner data. Identification is based on a shift-share design that exploits exogenous changes in the relative size of different consumer groups.
Virtual Development Economics Seminar
Du 22/10/2024 de 16:00 à 17:00
Zoom
ALMåS Ingvild (Monash University)
*
Paris Trade Seminar
Du 22/10/2024 de 14:30 à 16:00
Sciences Po, 28 rue des Saints-Pères, 75007 Paris (M° Saint Germain des Prés), salle H401 / Jean-Paul Fitoussi
MRAZOVA Monika (U. Geneva)
*
STEP (Seminar of Trade Economists in Paris)
Du 22/10/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
Science Po
LAFROGNE-JOUSSIER Raphael (CREST-Ecole Polytechnique)
*
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 22/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
LO CONTE Giacomo ()
Localized innovation effects on German Labor Markets
The role and effects of innovation on wage distributions have been widely studied at the regional level, but its sectoral dynamics have received far less attention. In this study, we address this gap by combining a large administrative panel dataset of the German labor market with patent data from PatStat to examine the causal impact of innovation on labor market outcomes at the local-sectoral level from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that more innovative sectors not only offer higher wages but also exhibit lower wage dispersion and smaller increases in wage inequality. This can be attributed primarily to the differing composition of the workforce in these sectors, with a higher proportion of workers benefiting significantly from innovation. Finally, despite the overall positive impact on wage distribution, we observe that the benefits of innovation are not shared equally among all workers.
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 21/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
SCHNEIDER Sarah (Exeter)
*
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 18/10/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
WREN-LEWIS Liam (PSE)
Fieldwork feedback session
PSE Internal Seminar
Du 18/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-15
WREN-LEWIS Liam(PSE)
HéMET Camille ( Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and at Paris School of Economics)
*
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 18/10/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
R1-14
WALLOSSEK Luisa (University of Oslo)
The Marriage Earnings Gap
What happens to earnings upon marriage? Linking administrative and survey data from Germany, we show that there is a marriage earnings gap. Even after accounting for the child penalty, women's earnings drop by 20% after marriage. We show that the marriage earnings gap results from both the extensive margin (women stop working) and the intensive margin (women work fewer hours), but not from a decrease in hourly wages. Labor supply disincentives from joint taxation can explain about one quarter of the marriage earnings gap, while we find no effect for labor supply incentives from changes in divorce law. Leveraging variation in norms created by the German separation, we find that gender norms are another important driver behind the marriage earnings gap.
EPCI (Economie politique du changement institutionnel) Seminar
Du 18/10/2024 de 11:00 à 12:30
MSE salle S/18
BLAVIER Pierre (CNRS - U. Lille, Clersé & Sciences Po, Liepp)
Évolutions et déterminants de la critique des bénéficiaires de l'État social dans la France contemporaine : tentative d'opérationnalisation quantitative
L’article présente un travail en cours sur les baromètres de la DREES et du CREDOC sur longue période (plusieurs décennies) portant sur les critiques de l'État social et de ses bénéficiaires. Pour cela, il présente les données et questions mobilisées, observe les tendances de long terme, analyse leurs déterminants sociaux et leur évolution sur la période. Enfin, il étend cette étude vers les liens entre cette critique et le vote.
Brown Bag Economics of Innovation Seminar
Du 18/10/2024 de 10:00 à 12:00
3 rue d'Ulm, Collège de France, 75005 Paris
ANDRé Loris(PSE)
GUAITOLI Gabriele(INSEAD)
Economic growth and biodiversity: a sectoral model.
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 17/10/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
CARRILLO-TUDELLA Carlos (U of Essex)
Matching through Search Channels
Firms and workers predominately match via job postings, networks of personal contacts or the public employment agency, all of which help to ameliorate labor market frictions. We investigate how firms' differential use of these search channels impacts workers' turnover, wage inequality and labor market sorting. Using novel linked survey-administrative data we document each channel's separate role for matching high-wage firms and high-wage workers and for job mobility. To evaluate the relevance of these search channels for employment, wages and sorting, we structurally estimate an equilibrium job ladder model featuring two-sided heterogeneity and endogenous recruitment effort in multiple search technologies. The estimation reveals that job postings are the most instrumental channel for positive worker-firm sorting. Although the public employment agency provides lower hiring rates for firms, its removal has sizeable consequences, with aggregate employment declining by 1.4 percent and rising bottom wage inequality, but little effect on sorting.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 17/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:45
R2-01
ANGELUCCI Charles (MIT Sloan School of Management)
*
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 17/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
LEITE David (PSE)
*
Behavior seminar
Du 17/10/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2-21
PRATI Alberto (University College London)
Is it possible to raise national happiness?
écrit avec Claudia Senik
We revisit the Easterlin paradox about the flatness of the happiness trend over the long run, in spite of sustained economic development. With a bounded scale that explicitly refers to “the best possible life for you” and the worst possible life for you, is it even possible to observe a rising trend in self-declared life satisfaction? We consider the possibility of rescaling, i.e. that the interpretation of the scale changes with the context in which respondents are placed. We propose a simple model of rescaling and reconstruct an index of latent happiness on the basis of retrospective reports included in unexploited archival data from the USA. We show that national well-being has substantially increased from the 1950s to the early 2000s, on par with GDP, health, education, and liberal democracy. We validate our new index on several datasets, and find that it captures important changes in personal life circumstances over and above nominal life satisfaction. Our model sheds light on several well-documented happiness puzzles, including why life satisfaction did not drop during the COVID-19 pandemic, why residents of Ukraine report the same life satisfaction today than before the war, why people obstinately think that they will be better off in the future, and why people take life-changing decisions - like having kids - that seem to make them less happy.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 16/10/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2-01
SEQUEIRA Sandra (LSE)
*
Economic History Seminar
Du 16/10/2024 de 12:30 à 14:00
R1-09
AOKI SANTAROSA Veronica (University of Michigan)
Contracts without Courts: The Value of Contractual Protection in an Era of Absolute Sovereign Immunit
This project examines contractual provisions in pre-1929 sovereign bonds in order to explore how sovereigns deployed hypothecation clauses to signal their commitment to repay. Although these contract terms were not enforceable in court, a private ordering institution, the London Stock Exchange, refused new listings from defaulting sovereigns which did not reach satisfactory restructuring agreements with bondholders. These agreements appeared to favor bondholders with hypothecation protections. To document how these clauses imposed meaningful constraints on sovereigns, we build a novel data set, consisting of 202,826 monthly returns of 1279 bonds issued by 71 countries in a time span of 60 years, listed in London between 1869 and 1929. We compare the risk and return characteristics of hypothecated and non-hypothecated bonds, and employ modern portfolio theory to quantify the value of contractual commitments.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 15/10/2024 de 17:30 à 18:30
R1-09
TRAVERSO Fabio Enrico (TU Darmstadt)
Automation, trade and political outcomes: evidence from the United States
The China shock and Industrial robot adoptions are documented to have deeply affected labour markets in the US. This paper investigates whether the joint effect of these two shocks can be estimated in order to understand their impact on political outcomes, i.e. congressional elections and political donations.
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 15/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R221
TESCHKE Eric ()
Targeting Dynamic Poverty
écrit avec Jack Willis
Many social programs aim to target the poor. However, while poverty is dynamic, recipient lists are often updated infrequently. We consider the implications for targeting performance, how to measure it, and how to improve it, in the context of a targeting method widely used in developing countries: Proxy Means Tests (PMTs). Using panel data in seven developing countries, we show large annual movements of households into and out of observed poverty. This churn implies rapid deterioration in the performance of perfect targeting, based on observed poverty in time zero. In contrast, the performance of PMTs, while initially poor (consistent with the literature), only deteriorates slowly over time, and is as good as perfect targeting after only one year. Targeting future poverty does no better, while updating PMTs improves performance over time, but only when done comprehensively. We argue that distinguishing chronic poverty, transient poverty, and measurement error is central to measuring and improving targeting performance, and investigate mechanisms using high-frequency data.
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 14/10/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
R1-09
BACCARA Mariagiovanna (Washington University in Saint Louis)
Research Waves
écrit avec Gilat Levy (London School of Economics) and Ronny Razin (Ronny Razin)
We study a continuous-time setting in which researchers irreversibly choose between two risky fields of exploration and their individual time of entry. Information production in each field depends on the mass of researchers who have already joined that field.
In the bad news case, where a unique 'bandwagon' equilibrium wave emerges, we show that as the priors of the two fields are further apart, the equilibrium wave starts earlier, and it is slower and longer. On the other hand, the good news case is characterized by two sequential fast surges into the two fields. The probability of both fields being explored depends on the researchers' pool size and the efficacy of the information production technology.
We compare the equilibrium outcomes to a welfare benchmark that accounts for the societal externalities of research and discuss how alternative incentive structures (such as citations' impact and tenure clock) affect the researchers' specialization decisions.
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 14/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
SEQUEIRA Sandra (LSE)
Zero-Sum Thinking and the Roots of US Political Differences
We investigate the origins and implications of zero-sum thinking – the belief that gains for one individual or group tend to come at the cost of others. Using a new survey of a sample of 20,400 U.S. residents, we measure zero-sum thinking, political preferences, policy views, and a rich array of ancestral information spanning four generations. We find that a more zero-sum mindset is strongly associated with more support for government redistribution, race- and gender-based affirmative action, and more restrictive immigration policies. Zero-sum thinking can be traced back to the experiences of both the individual and their ancestors, encompassing factors such as the degree of intergenerational upward mobility they experienced, whether they immigrated to the United States or lived in a location with more immigrants, and whether they were enslaved or lived in a location with more enslavement
Régulation et Environnement
Du 14/10/2024 de 11:00 à 12:15
R1-09
HERNáNDEZ MELIáN Beatriz (PSE)
*Local Extreme Climate Events and Public Budgets
Local government action is crucial for mitigating and adapting to the effects of the ongoing climate crisis. This paper analyses the impact of extreme climate events on subnational public spending and revenue allocation in Spain from 2010 to 2021. To this end, I combine municipal-level budgets with measures of drought severity and heat waves and rely on the plausibly exogenous nature of these shocks for identification. I find small positive effects of high temperatures on public service provision expenditure, with some evidence of adaptation. Similarly, an event study approach shows that there are increases in water provision expenditure in the years after a severe drought.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 11/10/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
ESTRADA Ricardo (CAF - Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean)
Money and lies: proxy respondents and the mismeasurement of income in surveys
When sampled individuals are not found at home, many surveys rely on a proxy
respondent: another knowledgeable household member. We study the effect of proxy
reporting on the measurement of labor income in Mexico. For identification, we use
the panel structure of the Mexican labor force survey and compare workers’ income
when they report it themselves to their income when another household member does
the reporting. We find that the monthly wage of male workers is 6.1% lower when
reported by a proxy. For female workers, the reporting gap is minute. We provide
evidence that the gap in the reported income of male workers is due to asymmetry
of information within the household, in part due to men hiding income from their
relatives. Finally, we study the implications of using proxy respondents and find that
it can lead to an underestimation of the gender wage gap by 60%.
Texte intégral
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 10/10/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
FORNARO Luca (CREI)
Fiscal Stagnation
écrit avec Martin Wolf
We study public debt sustainability in an economy with endogenous productivity growth. Our model has two key features: i) financing large primary surpluses entails fiscal distortions that depress investment and growth, ii) low growth increases the primary surpluses needed to stabilize the public debt-to-GDP ratio. Negative shocks to fundamentals or pessimistic animal spirits may drive the economy into a state of fiscal stagnation, characterized by high public debt, large fiscal distortions and low productivity growth. We discuss policy options to avoid/escape fiscal stagnation.
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 10/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
LOUMEAU Gabriel (VU)
The Persistence of Urban Decline: Evidence from France's Largest Coal Basin
écrit avec Hans Koster (VU Amsterdam)
Urban decline and urban growth are not two sides of the same coin. When local positive shocks occur it typically leads to an expansion of the building stock, but when negative shocks hit, the existing building stock persists. We use the history of coal production in France's largest mining basin as a source of exogenous variation in negative economic shocks. The geological delimitation of the basin and the placement of large-scale housing developments in close proximity to mines provide us with the opportunity to exploit very local spatial variation to identify the causal determinants of urban decline. We show that housing prices today drop by 11% when entering the mining basin. About 40% of this gap can be attributed to lower housing quality, with the remaining portion being ascribed to spillover effects. We proceed by setting up a dynamic spatial equilibrium model to disentangle the impact of spillovers and housing quality in determining the persistence of urban decline. Our model matches key moments in the data and predicts a protracted period of decline persisting for several decades before reaching a long-term equilibrium.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 10/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-15
MARLATS Chantal (LEMMA / Paris 2)
Racing with a rearview mirror: Output lag and investment dynamics
écrit avec Nicolas Klein and Lucie Ménager
We analyze a dynamic investment model in which short-lived agents sequentially decide how much to invest in a project of uncertain feasibility. The outcome of the project (success/failure) is not immediate but occurs after a fixed lag. We characterize the unique equilibrium and show that, in contrast with the case without lag, the unique equilibrium dynamics is not in threshold. If the initial belief is relatively high, investment decreases monotonically as agents become more pessimistic about the feasibility of the innovation. Otherwise, investment is not monotonic in the public belief or time: players alternate periods of no investment and periods of positive, decreasing investment. We thus identify a novel economic force that drives fluctuations in R&D spending, which is due to the output lag in the innovation process. We show that fluctuations also occur when the lag is stochastic, uncertain or when agents also decide when to invest
Behavior seminar
Du 10/10/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2-21
NESJE Frikk (University of Copenhagen)
Intergenerational Discounting and Inequality
We study theories of justice that disentangle normative views on intergenerational discounting and intergenerational inequality. Any modular social welfare function is uniquely identified by a time-discounting function---capturing attitudes across generations---and an aggregator function---capturing attitudes towards inequality. The rich choice of such functions allows our theories to include the most common welfare criteria adopted in the literature as special cases and unveils yet unexplored families of alternative criteria. Our axiomatic characterization clarifies the properties and limits of disentangling discounting and inequality.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 09/10/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2-01
VOENA Alessandra (Stanford University)
Traditional Institutions in Modern Times: Dowries as Pensions When Sons Migrate
écrit avec Natalie Bau, Gaurav Khanna, Corinne Low
This paper examines whether an important cultural institution in India – dowry
– can enable male migration by increasing liquidity at the time of marriage. We
hypothesize that one cost of migration is the disruption of traditional elderly support
structures, where sons co-reside with parents and care for them in their old age.
Dowry can attenuate this cost by providing sons and parents with a liquid transfer
that eases constraints on income sharing. To test this, we collect two novel datasets
on property rights over dowry among migrants and among families of migrants. Net
transfers of dowry to a man’s parents are common. Consistent with using dowry
for income sharing, transfers occur more when sons migrate, especially when they
work in higher-earning occupations. Nationally representative data confirms that
migration rates are higher in areas with stronger historical dowry traditions. Finally,
exploiting a large-scale highway construction program, we show that men from areas
with stronger dowry traditions have a higher migration response to a reduction in
migration costs. Despite its potential negative consequences, dowry may play a role
in facilitating migration and therefore, economic development.
Economic History Seminar
Du 09/10/2024 de 12:30 à 14:00
R2-21
KOUDIJS Peter (University Rotterdam)
Collateral damage: The impact of finance on slavery
This paper aims to understand an underexposed aspect of slavery: the financial economics behind it. Did the availability of finance, and the use of enslaved people as collateral, stimulate the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the use of slave labor on plantations? Did financial shocks have long-term consequences for the mortality and health of enslaved people? We study these questions in the context of Surinam in the 18th century using newly collected databases on plantations and enslaved people
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 08/10/2024 de 17:30 à 18:30
R1-09
OTTMER Henning (Uppsala University and IFAU)
Reduced basic old-age pension for immigrants: implications for work and welfare
Virtual Development Economics Seminar
Du 08/10/2024 de 16:00 à 17:00
Zoom
OLIVA Paulina (University of Southern California and BREAD)
Scale Effects of Rapid Transit and Automobile Adoption
Paris Trade Seminar
Du 08/10/2024 de 14:30 à 16:00
Sciences Po, 28 rue des Saints-Pères, 75007 Paris (M° Saint Germain des prés), salle H401 / Jean-Paul Fitoussi
VANNOORENBERGHE Gonzague (UCLouvain)
Globalization and the urban-rural divide in France
écrit avec F. Mayneris and D. Verdini
This paper investigates whether globalization has led to an economic decoupling between urban and rural areas in France. Specifically, we examine whether local labor markets in large urban areas have become more globally connected while weakening their domestic economic ties. To address this question, we calibrate a structural model using extensive administrative data from 1995 to 2015, capturing key linkages across French local labor markets. These linkages arise through competition in goods and labor markets, input-output relationships, and firms' ownership networks. Contrary to popular concerns, our findings reveal no evidence of urban-rural economic decoupling over the period, nor any significant impact of globalization on this relationship.
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 08/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R2-21
BOTHE Philipp ()
Lost in Aggregation: The Local Environmental and Welfare Effects of Large Industrial Shutdowns
The clean energy transition and large-scale deindustrialization have caused major changes in the industrial landscape of many high-income economies. This paper investigates how closures of large industrial facilities in Germany affect surrounding communities. By exploiting quasi-random variation in the timing of facility shutdowns, I analyze the neighborhood-level effects of these closures using data at the 1km x 1km grid cell level. I find that shutdowns of industrial sites lead to significant improvements in environmental amenities as represented by air quality. These environmental benefits, however, do not capitalize in increasing housing prices – a result that contrasts with existing evidence for the US context. Instead, neighborhoods affected by industrial closures experience substantial local downturns, with average household income dropping by 4% in the most affected neighborhoods. The resulting total annual income loss attributable to facility shutdowns amounts to e0.7 - e1.9 billion. Using a simplified model of neighborhood choice, I further show that the net amenity effects of industrial shutdowns do not balance the negative effects on income and housing prices. These findings have important implications for place-based policies in the context of significant structural change. Additionally, using
the newly assembled granular data, I reveal biases from the ecological fallacy in previous assessments of environmental inequality in Germany and show that there exists significant inequality in the exposure to fine particulate matter across the income distribution.
Econometrics Seminar
Du 07/10/2024 de 17:00 à 18:15
ZOOM
LEI Lihua (Stanford University)
Estimating Counterfactual Matrix Means with Short Panel Data
écrit avec Co-author: Brad Ross
We develop a more flexible approach for identifying and estimating average counterfactual outcomes when several but not all possible outcomes are observed for each unit in a large cross section. Such settings include event studies and studies of outcomes of "matches" between agents of two types, e.g. workers and firms or people and places. When outcomes are generated by a factor model that allows for low-dimensional unobserved confounders, our method yields consistent, asymptotically normal estimates of counterfactual outcome means under asymptotics that fix the number of outcomes as the cross section grows and general outcome missingness patterns, including those not accommodated by existing methods. Our method is also computationally efficient, requiring only a single eigendecomposition of a particular aggregation of any factor estimates constructed using subsets of units with the same observed outcomes. In a semi-synthetic simulation study based on matched employer-employee data, our method performs favorably compared to a Two-Way-Fixed-Effects-model-based estimator.
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 07/10/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
R1-09
BRZUSTOWSKI Thomas (Essex)
Optimal Allowance with Limited Auditing Capacity
We analyze the mechanism-design problem of a principal allocating amounts of a perfectly divisible good to $n$ agents, each of whom desires as much of the good as possible. The principal has an ideal allocation for each agent, which is private information held by that agent. The principal has access to an auditing technology that allows her to perfectly uncover the private information of any $k$ ($
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 07/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
GOVIND Yajna (Copenhagen Business School)
Migration policy backlash, identity and integration of second-generation migrants in France
Do integration policies that require migrants to demonstrate allegiance lead to more or less integration into the host society? In this paper, we study the effects of a symbolic change in birthright citizenship rules in France on the integration of second-generation immigrants. We exploit an exogenous reform that required second-generation immigrants to declare their willingness to become French as a condition to naturalize. Adopting a Difference-in-Differences approach, we show that, contrary to its stated aim of fostering a greater sense of belonging, this symbolic policy led to a loss of national identity and an increase in perceptions of discrimination among the target group. We document that these effects are not driven by changes in naturalization rates or an increased general hostility. We also show that while the reform did not affect their economic or political integration, it did reduce their cultural integration. Overall, rather than promoting integration, such migration policies can lead to a backlash
Régulation et Environnement
Du 07/10/2024 de 11:00 à 12:15
R1-09
WAGNER Katherine (UBC)
Are We Consuming Too Much Groundwater?
We study the optimality of human groundwater consumption. Groundwater is among the world's most important natural resources, but some prominent groundwater aquifers have declining levels because human use exceeds recharge. For each of the world's groundwater aquifers, we use remote sensing and administrative data to estimate dynamic programming models of water extraction, then we recover discount factors that rationalize observed groundwater extraction. About two-thirds of the world's aquifers are extracted at inefficiently high extraction rates, though the remainder have approximately dynamically optimal extraction rates. The welfare loss from excess current global extraction is several trillion dollars.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 04/10/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
NORITOMO Yuma (Cornell University)
Does the Timing of Productivity Shocks in Childhood Affect Educational Attainment?
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 04/10/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
R1-14
LANGENMAYR Dominika (KU Eichstätt-Ingolstadt)
Navigating the Amazon: The Incidence of Digital Service Taxes
Large digital firms pay little profit tax in many countries, prompting several countries to introduce digital services taxes on these firms to indirectly tax their profits. We study the incidence of digital service taxes using data on Amazon, the largest online retailer. We find that Amazon increased its fees by almost the exact amount of the digital service tax. Firms using Amazon as a platform have largely been able to pass these increased costs onto consumers. On average, the incidence of digital service taxes falls almost entirely on consumers, though there is significant heterogeneity among countries.
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 03/10/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
BAYER Christian (U Bonn)
Distributional Dynamics
écrit avec Luis Calderon, University of Bonn and Moritz Kuhn, University of Mannheim CEPR, and IZA
We develop a new method for deriving high-frequency synthetic distributions of con-
sumption, income, and wealth. Modern theories of macroeconomic dynamics identify the
joint distribution of consumption, income, and wealth as a key determinant of aggregate
dynamics. Our novel method allows us to study their distributional dynamics over time.
The method can incorporate different microdata sources, regardless of their frequency and
coverage of variables, to generate high-frequency synthetic distributional data. We extend
existing methods by allowing for more flexible data inputs. The core of the method is to
treat the distributional data as a time series of functions that follow a state-space model,
which we estimate using Bayesian techniques. We show that the novel method provides
the high-frequency distributional data needed to better understand the dynamics of con-
sumption and its distribution over the business cycle
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 03/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-15
VELLODI Nikhil (PSE)
A Theory of Self-Prospection
écrit avec Polina Borisova (PSE)
A present-biased decision maker (DM) faces a two-armed bandit problem whose risky arm generates random payoffs at exponentially distributed times. The DM learns about payoff arrivals through informative feedback. At the unique stationary Markov perfect equilibrium of the multi-self game, positive feedback supports greater equilibrium welfare than both negative and transparent feedback. Regardless of the form of feedback, the DM's behavior exhibits indecision, deriving from their desire to procrastinate. We relate our findings to the theory of {it self-prospection} --- the process of imagining future goals and outcomes when seeking motivation in the present.
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 03/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:45
R2-01
GIRAY AKSOY CEVAT ((EBRD & Kings College London)) *;
La séance est annulée
Behavior seminar
Du 03/10/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2-21
CALCAGNO Riccardo (Politecnico di Torino)
Financial Literacy, Human Capital and Long-Run Economic Growth
Financial literacy has gained momentum in the policy arena and several countries are currently promoting it. Despite the undeniable importance of financial literacy in improving the allocation of savings across alternative uses, the impact of these policies on economic growth is not obvious. Indeed, financial literacy is a specialized form of human capital, thus favoring financial education may deter general education eventually generating detrimental effects on growth. This paper relies on an endogenous growth framework where human capital can be employed to accumulate financial literacy to assess the conditions under which the current policy setting may be beneficial in the long run. Our calibration based on the US economy over the 1950-2019 period shows that this may effectively be the case if the impact of financial literacy on the allocational efficiency of the financial sector is sufficiently strong
Behavior Working Group
Du 03/10/2024 de 10:00 à 11:00
R2-21
DAGORN Etienne (INED)
The Roots of Gendered Behaviour : online experiment with teachers
Evidence shows that teachers interact differently with boys and girls, grade them differently and provide different feedback and career advice. These gendered teaching practices have significant effects on boys' and girls' school achievement and educational choices, especially in scientific subjects where strong gender stereotypes prevail. However, little is known about the behavioral roots of such gendered practices. We first develop a theoretical model to rationalize teachers' potential gendered behaviour. We then empirically test those mechanisms using an online experiment with secondary education teachers from several subjects. Teachers are asked to evaluate fictitious school transcripts for which we randomly change the information displayed, namely the student's gender (to measure the extent of their gendered practices). Then, they are invited to play a set of gender-blind and gender-revealed dictator games (to measure gender identity) and to take an implicit association test (to measure gender implicit biases). The preliminary results will be presented during the talk.
Economic History Seminar
Du 02/10/2024 de 12:30 à 14:00
R1-09
SARKAR Jayita ( University of Glasgow)
An Anti-Decolonization Bloc. Rössing in Apartheid Namibia
Transnational capital developed Ro?ssing Uranium Limited in South Africa-controlled apartheid Namibia in the 1960s and 1970s. While official newspapers in Windhoek claimed that Ro?ssing was an outcome of renewed hopes of a nuclear energy renaissance after the 1973 oil shock, a closer look at the archives presents a different story. As international pressure increased on the South African government to relinquish its illegitimate control of Namibia—— evident in the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion in June 1971, activism of Sean MacBride as the UN Commissioner for Namibia, and the UN Decree 1 of December 1974—— foreign mining companies increased their extractivism of Namibian natural resources, including uranium. Fearing that an independent and universal Namibia would evict them, these companies began overmining, exporting raw materials and continuing to dispossess Black labor. Ro?ssing was similar but different: it was a combination of the old and the new. Built through majority funding from the Anglo- Australian Rio Tinto Zinc along with contributions from Canadian Rio Algom, French Total Compagnie Minie?re et Nucle?aire, and South African Industrial Development Corporation, it functioned as a secretive and repressive proto-state, while also coopting the language of corporate social responsibility of the 1970s through its philanthropic Ro?ssing Foundation. It was a joint-stock company established with White capital that was closely aligned locally with the German Sudwester settler identity of Swakopmund while dispossessing Black Native laborers toiling in Arandis, Damaraland. Based on corporate and business archives (Ro?ssing, Total Energies, and National Association of Manufacturers), international archives (UNESCO, UNCN, and United Nations), and activists’ collections (Barbara Rogers papers and CANUC), this chapter presents Ro?ssing as a transimperial reactionary bloc throughout the 1970s and 1980s determined first, to prevent independence of Namibia and second, to survive unscathed should independence arrive anyway.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 01/10/2024 de 17:30 à 18:30
R1-14
GPET Seminar
Du 01/10/2024 de 13:30 à 16:00
R2-21
13.30 Pot de rentrée Group GPET (terrasse 2ème étage)
14:15 Andrea Cornejo “Improving linguistic acquisition for migrant students”
15:00 Hannes Tepper : “Do This or Do That? A Model to Prioritize Reforms”
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 01/10/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R221
WACH Oliver (Freie Universität Berlin)
Building Socialism on Abandoned Land: Collectivization and Civic Engagement in Poland
This article examines the long-term impact of collectivized agriculture in Poland on civic engagement and political preferences. Contrary to the belief that socialism eroded social capital, my findings indicate a positive legacy of collectivized farming on contemporary social capital and left-wing political leanings.
For identification purposes I exploit the historical fact that collectivization was more successful on areas that experienced the deportation of the ethnic minorities between 1944 and 1947 and employ an instrumental variable and regression discontinuity approach. An alternative instrumental approach that exploits spatial variation in the 1944 land reform confirms the results. I provide evidence that places with collective farms became the center of village social life and developed a distinct culture. Furthermore, this study utilizes new datasets from interwar and socialist Poland and introduces a novel municipal crosswalk enabling consistent historical analysis with data from century of Polish history.
Du 01/10/2024 de 09:00 à 12:30
R1-15
• Andrea Cornejo
• Hannes Tepper