Calendrier du mois de décembre 2023
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 21/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1- 15
ANGELUCCI Charles(MIT Sloan School of Management)
ORZACH Roi(MIT Sloan)
Searching for Collaboration: The Dynamics of Relationship Building
Building a successful collaboration is often a time-intensive and gradual process. We model collaborative dynamics with self-enforcing incentives. Two players are presented with infinitely many ex-ante identical projects, each yielding asymmetric benefits. Every period, they collectively explore or exploit multiple projects and make voluntary transfers to each other. After exploring a project, players learn its benefits and choose whether to exploit the project in future periods. We show that lengthy exploration occurs, and that the way the collaboration evolves exhibits significant path dependence. Players temporarily exploit projects, return to previously abandoned projects, and initially explore a limited number of projects
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 21/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
GUILLOUZOUIC Arthur (IPP)
From public labs to private firms: magnitude and channels of R&D spillovers
Introducing a new measure of scientific proximity between private firms and public research groups and exploiting a multi-billion euro financing program of academic clusters in France, we provide causal evidence of spillovers from academic research to private sector firms. Firms in the top quartile of exposure to the funding shock increase their R&D effort by 20% compared to the bottom quartile. We exploit reports produced by funded clusters, complemented by data on labor mobility and R&D public–private partnerships, to provide evidence on the channels for these spillovers. We show that spillovers are driven by outsourcing of R&D activities by the private to the public sectors and, to a lesser extent, by labor mobility from one to the other and by informal contacts. We discuss the policy implications of funding academic research to stimulate private R&D.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 20/12/2023 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
MACCHI Elisa ()
Work Over Just Cash: Informal Redistribution Among Employers and Workers in Kampala, Uganda
This paper examines informal redistribution in the form of work in small and medium enterprises in Kampala, Uganda and its drivers. Using a field experiment, we show that employers and workers systematically choose giving/receiving work over cash transfers. Decisions imply a large willingness to pay for work on both sides of the labor market. Work redistribution choices are unaffected by the economic and training value of the task, and employers pay for zero marginal product work. Removing stakes in the game also does not affect decisions, ruling out signaling and relational personal benefits as drivers. Employers and workers motivate work redistribution mostly with fairness considerations and, secondly, with the psychosocial value of work for workers. Results appear externally valid, as giving via work predicts increased hiring in the firm, but it does not lead to higher revenues, sales, or profits, confirming that work redistribution is unlikely to be productive.
Economic History Seminar
Du 20/12/2023 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
WOKER Madeline (IEA Zurich)
The tax haven that wasn’t: imperial statecraft, capital, and the politics of corporate taxation in the French colonial empire, 1920s-1950s.
What is a tax haven? What does it take to make or break one? And what role have states played in this process? Historians have so far focused on the Anglo-American world or blatant cases like Switzerland. Instead, this story will take us to the French colonial empire where, by the end of the 1920s, a growing number of colonial firms were transferring their headquarters from the metropole to the colonies with the aim of evading taxation on investment capital income. These transfers threatened to transform French colonies into tax havens. Why was this averted and why didn’t the French empire generate tax havens when the British empire did? This article explores the links between empire, decolonisation, and the expansion of tax havens via an unusual route: that of the politics of tax planning in the French colonial empire and shows that French colonial tax havens could have materialised on a large scale at two critical junctures: first in the interwar period and then in the aftermath of the Second World War. It argues that they eventually did not come into being because successive administrations within the French Ministry of Finance did not let it happen. Broader structural determinants – the relative weakness of the French metropolitan fiscal state in the interwar period and the unwillingness to let international capital dictate French development strategies in the late colonial period - crucially influenced the positions taken by the Ministry of Finance. Post-war dreams of restored grandeur made French authorities much more reluctant to outsource development and let go of state prerogatives. By exploring an unrealised possibility, this article makes a broader intervention in the nascent historiography of tax havens and highlights the role of state power in their (un)making.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 19/12/2023 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-10
MAYAUX Damien (PSE)
Regulating Visual Marketing Cues
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 19/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
BOYER Marcel (Université de Montréal)
The Taxation of Couples
This paper studies the tax treatment of couples. We develop two different approaches. One is tailored to the analysis of tax systems that stick to the principle that the tax base for couples is the sum of their incomes. One is tailored to the analysis of reforms toward individual taxation. We study the US federal income tax since the 1960s through the lens of this framework. We find that, in the recent past, realizing efficiency gains requires lowering marginal tax rates for secondary earners. We also find that revenue-neutral reforms towards individual taxation are in the interest of couples with high secondary earnings while couples with low secondary earnings are worse off. The support for such a reform recently passed the majority threshold. It is rejected, however, by a Rawlsian social welfare function. Thus, there is a tension between Rawlsian and Feminist notions of social welfare.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 15/12/2023 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
LEPAULT Claire (PSE)
Is Urban Wastewater Treatment Effective in India? Evidence from Water Quality and Infant Mortality
In developing countries, untreated sewage exposes people to alarming water pollution levels, yet there is limited knowledge about the effectiveness of wastewater treatment investments. I evaluate the effect of wastewater treatment on water quality and downstream infant mortality in India, exploiting the staggered introduction of urban sewage treatment plants over the period 2010-2020. I match granular data on sewage treatment plants, river water quality, as well as child births and deaths using the hydrological network. I show that after starting wastewater treatment, levels of fecal coliforms – a commonly used measure of fecal contamination in water –decreased by 50%. Mortality under the age of six months declined by 20% downstream of the plants, with larger effects for boys and children from the bottom wealth quintiles. The results are consistent across several estimators robust to heterogeneous treatment effects, are not driven by selective migration, and are only found downstream of the plants, which rules out confounding effects from other local policies. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that starting wastewater treatment earlier – from 2010 – in urban areas later selected into treatment – after 2020 – would have prevented over 40,000 child deaths in downstream sub-basins.
PSE Internal Seminar
Du 15/12/2023 de 12:00 à 13:00
TZINTZUN Iván (PSE)
ZUCMAN Gabriel(PSE)
EU Regulations to Fight Nutrient Surpluses: the Case of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
Over the last 10 years, governments have launched major initiatives to reduce international tax evasion. These efforts include the creation of a new form of international cooperation – an automatic, multilateral exchange of bank information in force since 2017 – and an international agreement on a global minimum tax for multinational corporations, endorsed by more than 140 countries and territories in 2021. Yet despite the importance of these developments, little is known about the effects of these new policies. Is global tax evasion falling or rising? Are new issues emerging, and if so, what are they? This report addresses these issues thanks to an unprecedented international research collaboration and major data improvements. Prepared by the staff of the EU Tax Observatory – a research laboratory created in 2021 with unique expertise on international tax issues – this report summarizes work conducted by more than 100 researchers all over the world, often in partnership with tax administrations................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Nutrient balance indicators can act as a signal for the potential environmental impact of agriculture on water and air. This article estimates the impact of the designation of nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZ) in the European Union (EU), the most comprehensive regulation for curbing water pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources in the EU mandated by the Nitrates Directive. Using the OECD agri-environmental indicators database on nutrient balances covering 47 countries and a set of policy variables constructed from EU official documents, we leverage the timing of NVZ designation across EU countries to identify sharp sustained reductions of 12%–18% in Nitrogen pollution, and 20%-25% in Phosphorus. The impacts of the NVZ policy are mainly explained by reductions in fertilizer use. The results are robust to numerous robustness checks. They suggest a successful policy tool for tackling Nutrient surpluses.
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 14/12/2023 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
MITMAN Kurt (IIES)
Consumer Bankruptcy as Aggregate Demand Management
écrit avec Adrien Auclert
We study the role of consumer bankruptcy policy in macroeconomic stabilization. Our economy features nominal rigidities, incomplete financial markets, and heterogeneous households with access to unsecured defaultable debt. We derive sufficient statistics for quantifying the contribution of automatic stabilizers to dampening output fluctuations. Bankruptcy is an automatic stabilizer if the average consumption effect of default, or "ACED" (the causal effect of default on consumption) is larger than the marginal propensity to consume of savers. Quantitatively, for the United States, we show that the current bankruptcy code reduces the amplitude of output fluctuations by 6%, and that bankruptcy rules that systematically respond to the business cycle could increase this number to 13%. By comparison, countercyclical government spending and deficits reduce output fluctuations by 19% and 11%, respectively.
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 14/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
FIZE Etienne (IPP)
Five Facts about MPCs: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment
écrit avec Johannes Boehm (SciencesPo & CEPR) and Xavier Jaravel (LSE & CEPR)
We conduct a randomized controlled trial to study the consumption response of French households to unanticipated one-time money transfers of 300 Euros. Using prepaid debit cards, we consider three implementation designs: (i) a transfer without restrictions; (ii) a transfer where any unspent value expires after three weeks; (iii) a transfer subject to a 10% negative interest rate every week. We observe participants' main bank accounts, such that we can compute the impact of the transfer on their overall spending. We establish five facts about MPCs in this setting. First, we find that participants in the baseline treatment group have an average marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of 22 percent over one month. Second, we find that implementation design matters: the one-month MPC is substantially higher for treatment groups where any remaining balance becomes unusable after three weeks (60%) or where remaining balances are subject to the 10% negative interest rate every week (36%). Third, we document that the cumulative consumption responses are concentrated in the first weeks following the transfer and are flat thereafter. Fourth, we find that there is significant MPC heterogeneity by observed household characteristics, including by liquid wealth, current income, proxies for permanent income, gender, and age; the MPC remains high even for agents with liquid wealth exceeding twice their monthly income. Fifth, we estimate the unconditional distribution of MPCs across households and find that a large fraction of households have high MPCs. These facts are difficult to reconcile with the consumption response in standard Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian models, which is long-lived and driven by a small set of illiquid households at their borrowing constraints. Furthermore, we observe that households in the treatment groups with a short expiry date or a negative interest rate frequently use other means of payment while still having a sufficient balance on the prepaid card to cover their expenses, indicating that participants see money as non-fungible. Our finding that households consume more when presented with an urgent spending need lends support to theories where the salience of treatments affects economic choices. We conclude that implementation design and the targeting of transfers can greatly alter the effectiveness of stimulus policies
Du 14/12/2023 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2.21
Behavior seminar
Du 14/12/2023 de 11:00 à 12:00
PSE/ P004
BOL Damien (KCL(UK))
Renewing Democracy: How Past Exposures to Electoral Turnovers Reinforce Citizen Support
A prevailing narrative suggests that citizens who live under democratic rule take it for granted, potentially leading to democratic backsliding. This paper advances a more optimistic perspective: electoral turnovers—elections displacing the head of government—can rejuvenate democratic support among citizens, as they signal political elites’ commitment to democratic ideals and their willingness to relinquish power upon defeat. To test this argument, I aggregated data from multiple international surveys, covering approximately 500,000 respondents whom I then matched with a century’s worth of electoral data. This dataset allows me to identify the electoral turnovers to which each respondent has been exposed throughout their lives. I show that past exposures to turnovers, especially the first one, bolster support for democracy for about 15 years. In line with the proposed mechanism, the effect is stronger in new and imperfect democracies where the commitment of political elites to democratic ideals is uncertain.
Behavior Working Group
Du 14/12/2023 de 10:00 à 11:00
R1-14
LAGO RODRíGUEZ Manuel Estevo ()
Unraveling Gender Norms: The power of information provision on the preferential promotion of women
In this paper, we study whether variations in gender norms and, significantly, separating the effects of 1st and 2nd order beliefs can affect attitudes towards the preferential promotion of women to senior-level positions. We examine whether providing information on what others believe to be socially acceptable (2nd order) and information that may change personal beliefs (1st order) impacts attitudes towards promoting women. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that aims to disentangle the causal effect of 1st and 2nd order beliefs separately in the context of gender norms
Development Economics Seminar
Du 13/12/2023 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.21
DILLON Andrew (Northwestern University )
Making Markets: Experiments in Agricultural Input Market Formation
écrit avec Andrew Dillon Northwestern University , Nicol´o Tomaselli University of Florence
Making markets is central to theories of development. In our rural Malian study setting, seventy percent of smallholder farmers did not have village-level access to an ag-input
dealer in the twelve previous months. We create rural input markets with a village input fair
(VIF). Our experiment estimates the effect of forward or commitment contracts depending
on the market timing when inputs can be purchased or ordered (at planting or post-harvest
season), the up-front deposit a farmer pays an ag-input dealer to order inputs for delivery
during the planting season (the level of commitment), and whether credit is offered during
the village input fairs (to test the implications of liquidity). We estimate the intention-totreat effects of differences in these market structures on prices, market volume, consumer
demand, and agricultural production and revenue. The results suggest that ordering inputs
in advance substantially raise market sales when deposit amounts are low (10 percent versus
50 percent deposit). The credit offers increase sales by USD 63 in the 10 percent deposit
group which increases fertilizer purchased by 140 kg at market prices. Village input fairs
led to increases in input utilization at the extensive and intensive margin. We conclude
that innovations in market organization resulted in farmer intensification rather than diversification of production with strong effects on farmer revenue. We do not observe price
discrimination in VIFs relative to control group or spot market prices.
Histoire des entreprises et de la finance
Du 13/12/2023 de 16:00 à 17:30
R2.01
F.SIMIAND ATELIER ((PSE et EHESS))
Les empires français dans leurs dimensions économiques (18e-20e siècle)
Texte intégral
Economic History Seminar
Du 13/12/2023 de 09:30 à 17:00
R2.01
F.SIMIAND ATELIER (PSE et EHESS)
Les empires français dans leurs dimensions économiques (18e-20e siècle)”
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 12/12/2023 de 17:00 à 18:00
BRASSAC Pierre (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)
Wealth Accumulation in WW2 - Paris
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 12/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
HARPEDANNE Louis-Marie ()
Real effects of central bank collateral policy: Liquidity insurance at work
Using a large eligibility shock during the Global Financial crisis, I show that liquidity insurance by the central bank has significant real effects and I study the transmission channels of this policy. Newly eligible firms significantly increased material investment and employment. Firms were able to invest more because they received more long-term loans. An arbitrage argument shows that banks lent long since they enjoyed liquidity insurance by the central bank.
Du 12/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1.14
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 11/12/2023 de 17:00 à 18:30
R1-09
WALKER-JONES David (University of Surrey)
Difficult Decisions
écrit avec Yoram Halevy and Lanny Zrill
We investigate the problem of identifying incomplete preferences in the domain of uncertainty by proposing an incentive-compatible mechanism that bounds the behavior that can be rationalized by very general classes of complete preferences. Hence, choices that do not abide by the bounds indicate that the decision maker cannot rank the alternatives. Data collected from an experiment that implements the proposed mechanism indicates that when choices cannot be rationalized by Subjective Expected Utility they are usually incompatible with general models of complete preferences. Moreover, behavior that is indicative of incomplete preferences is empirically associated with deliberate randomization
Econometrics Seminar
Du 11/12/2023 de 16:15 à 17:30
PSE, room R1-14
POULIOT Guillaume (University of Chicago)
An Exact t-Test
Multivariate linear regression and randomization-based inference are two essential methods in statistics and econometrics. Nevertheless, the problem of producing a randomized test for the value of a single regression coefficient that is exactly valid when errors are exchangeable, and which is asymptotically valid for the best linear predictor, has remained elusive. In this paper, we produce a test that is exactly valid with exchangeable errors and which allows for general covariate designs; covariates may be continuous as well as discrete, and may be correlated. The test is asymptotically valid when the errors are not exchangeable, in particular in the presence of conditional heteroskedasticity.
Regional and urban economics seminar
Du 11/12/2023 de 13:30 à 17:30
R1-15
GUYON Nina(ENS-PSL and PSE)
PAUL-VENTURINE Julia()
KULKA Amrita(University of Warwick)
CHAPELLE Guillaume(University of Cergy-Paris)
FACK Gabrielle(Université Paris-Dauphine-PSL and PSE)
SANTA-MARIA Marta(Sciences Po Paris)
Land-Use Regulation and Housing Supply
Régulation et Environnement
Du 11/12/2023 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
MARA Marleen (Sciences Po)
*Competitive Award of Scarce Airport Slots: an Empirical Analysis
This paper studies the welfare impacts of introducing a market-based mechanism for the allocation of scarce airport take-off and landing slots. The usual revealed preference approach that recovers values from optimal bids is unavailable because there are no bids to invert. Instead, slot values are defined as the additional profit that an airline carrier generates by operating a flight in the slot. These values are estimated using a flight-level structural model of demand and supply of airline tickets, which accounts for consumer departure time preferences, scheduling efficiencies across the carrier’s global flight network, and aircraft-specific costs. Counterfactual simulations assess the welfare impacts of auctioning slots and highlight the asymmetries across carriers due to scheduling and hub efficiencies. Moreover, synergies across departure slots are quantified to shed light on how to best design the auction mechanism.
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 11/12/2023
http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/evenements/abstract.asp?IDReu=659
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 08/12/2023 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
VANUKURI Balasai (PSE)
Does caste identity of your roommate matters: Evidence from Elite Public Colleges in India
EPCI (Economie politique du changement institutionnel) Seminar
Du 08/12/2023 de 11:00 à 12:30
MSE, salle S/18
VLANDAS Tim ((University of Oxford, Dpt of Social Policy and Intervention))
Grey Power and Economic Performance
Democracies have experienced profound population ageing in the last decades. Yet we still know little about the political consequences of ageing for economic performance. This project develops a theoretical framework linking ageing to lower economic growth through two mechanisms: first, grey power pushes elected governments to expand consumption policies thereby ‘crowding out’ investments; second, ageing populations weaken the electoral penalty for lower growth performance leading to ‘economic unaccountability’. Using microdata from four cross-national survey of preferences and vote choices, I show that elderly individuals care more about pensions, but less about education, and they are less likely to penalize governments for low growth. Using macrodata on 21 advanced economies since the 1960s, OLS and instrumental variable regressions provide evidence that ageing leads to more spending on consumption policies but less on social investment policies, and lower growth. Ageing countries may paradoxically become economically inefficient because they are politically efficient.
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 07/12/2023 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-21
PRATO Marta (Bocconi)
*Career Choice of Entrepreneurs and the Rise of Smart Firms
écrit avec Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, and Jeremy Pearce
New technologies emerge and translate into economic growth through the team effort of inventors, entrepreneurs and production workers. This paper provides a unified life-cycle framework to characterize the population split across these three groups and connects the relationship between entrepreneurs and inventors to economic growth. We proceed by inking detailed micro-data from Denmark on individual entrepreneurs, inventors, workers, and firms to a novel quantitative endogenous growth model with occupational sorting and matching between inventors and entrepreneurs. Empirically, we find that while parental exposure is a key determinant of entrepreneurship, sorting into inventing occupations is primarily determined by education and IQ. Entrepreneurs with higher ability, as proxied by IQ, hire more inventors, hire inventors of higher ability, create more innovative firms and grow faster. Further, entrepreneurs who went to a school that has more high-IQ students hire more and better R&D workers, conditional on their own talent. We build the quantitative model based on this evidence and use it to characterize how entrepreneurs and inventors stimulate economic growth. Individuals self-select into different occupations and entrepreneurship depending on their characteristics (e.g., background, talent, preferences) and entrepreneurs assemble teams in order to innovate and grow firms. The model highlights the importance of assortative matching between talented entrepreneurs and inventors for the rise of successful firms. In addition to matching the data, the model admits various counterfactuals to study the underlying mechanics of entrepreneurs and inventors. We find that the assortative matching between entrepreneurs and R&D workers explains 7% of economic growth and 14% of firm growth, indicating the importance of matching the right team early in the firm.
Du 07/12/2023 de 16:00 à 17:00
R1.14
VONYO Tamas ()
War and Socialism: Economic Backwardness in Eastern Europe, monograph in preparation
PEPES (Paris Empirical Political Economics) Working Group
Du 07/12/2023 de 12:30 à 14:00
R2.21
RO'EE LEVY Jonathan (Tel Aviv University - Eitan Berglas School of Economics)
Decomposing the Rise of the Populist Radical Right
Support for populist radical right parties in Europe has dramatically increased in recent years. We decompose the rise of these parties from 2005 to 2020 into four components: shifts in party positions, changes in voter attributes (opinions and demographics), changes in voter priorities, and a residual. We merge two wide datasets on party positions and voter attributes and estimate voter priorities using a probabilistic voting model. We find that shifts in party positions and changes in voter attributes do not play a major role in the recent success of populist radical right parties. Instead, the primary driver behind their electoral success lies in voters' changing priorities. Particularly, voters are less likely to decide which party to support based on parties' economic positions. Rather, voters---mainly older, nonunionized, low-educated men---increasingly prioritize nativist cultural positions. This allows populist radical right parties to tap into a preexisting reservoir of culturally conservative voters. Using the same datasets, we provide a set of reduced-form evidence supporting our results. First, while parties' positions have changed, these changes are not consistent with the main supply-side hypothesis for populist support. Second, on aggregate, voters have not adopted populist right-wing opinions. Third, voters are more likely to self-identify ideologically based on their cultural rather than their economic opinions.
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 07/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
WREN-LEWIS Liam (Paris School of Economics / INRAE. )
The impact of childhood inter-ethnic contact on hiring decisions
This paper analyzes whether inter-ethnic contact in childhood affects the hiring behavior of managers. To overcome selection bias, we exploit quasi-random variation in the share of immigrant students across cohorts within Danish schools. Using administrative employer-employee data, we find that more immigrant peers of the same gender in school lead Danish managers to hire more immigrants later in life. We do not find any evidence that this relationship is driven by economic opportunities.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 07/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-15
KIRNEVA Margarita (CREST)
Informing to Divert Attention
I study a multidimensional Sender-Receiver game in which Receiver can acquire limited information after observing the Sender's signal. Depending on the parameters describing the conflict of interest between Sender and Receiver, I characterise optimal information disclosure and the information acquired by Receiver as a response. I show that in the case of partial conflict of interests (aligned on some dimensions and misaligned on others) Sender uses the multidimensionality of the environment to divert Receiver's attention away from the dimensions of misalignment of interests. Moreover, there is negative value of information in the sense that Receiver would be better off if she could commit not to extract private information or to have access to information of lower quality. I present applications to informational lobbying and consumer's choice.
Behavior seminar
Du 07/12/2023 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2.21
SHOGREN Jason (University of Wyoming, USA) *;
La séance est annulée
Development Economics Seminar
Du 06/12/2023 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
HEATH Rachel (University of Washington)
Monitoring Harassment in Organizations
écrit avec Laura Boudreau (Columbia University), Sylvain Chassang (Princeton University), Ada González-Torres (Ben Gurion University)
We evaluate secure survey methods designed for the ongoing monitoring of harass-
ment in organizations. To do so, we partner with a large Bangladeshi garment manu-
facturer and experiment with different designs of phone-based worker surveys. “Hard”
garbling (HG) responses to sensitive questions, i.e.,
automatically
recording a random
subset as complaints, increases reporting of physical harassment by 290%, sexual harass-
ment by 271%, and threatening behavior by 45%, from reporting rates of 1.5%, 1.8%,
and 9.9%, respectively, under the status quo of direct elicitation. Rapport-building and
removing team identifiers from responses do not significantly increase reporting. We
show that garbled reports can be used to consistently estimate policy-relevant statistics
of harassment, including: How prevalent is it? What share of managers is responsible
for the misbehavior? and, How isolated are its victims? In our data, harassment is
widespread, the problem is not restricted to a minority of managers, and victims are
often isolated within teams.
Economic History Seminar
Du 06/12/2023 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
VALENCIA CAICEDO Felipe (Vancouver SE)
Bourbons reforms and State capacity in the Spanish empire
We study state modernization and its fiscal and political consequences in the Spanish empire in the Americas in the 18th century. We focus on the intendancy system, which introduced a new corps of provincial governors to address misgovernance by local colonial officers. Our empirical strategy leverages the staggered implementation of this reform across the empire, extending from present-day USA to Argentina. Using administrative data from the royal treasuries, we show that the intendancy system led to a sizable increase in Crown revenue, driven by a strengthening of state presence far from the traditional centers of power and the disruption of local elite capture. The reform also caused a reduction in the incidence of rebellions by indigenous peoples, who were harshly exploited under the status quo. However, the intendancy system also heightened tensions with the local creole elites, as reflected by naming patterns, and plausibly contributed to the nascent independence movement.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 05/12/2023 de 17:00 à 18:00
R2-20
SATPATHY Aviman (PSE)
Noisy Valuation-Assessment Learning
Paris Trade Seminar
Du 05/12/2023 de 14:45 à 16:15
Sciences Po, 28 rue des Saints-Pères, 75007 Paris (M° Saint Germain des Prés), SALLE H 405
DEMIR PAKEL Banu (Oxford)
Plastic Turkey: International Leakages of China's Waste Contamination Policy
écrit avec Deniz Atalar and Swati Dhingra
Global trade in plastic waste has increased by over 700 percent since the 1990s. Exports of plastic waste have flowed primarily from developed economies to emerging markets, raising concerns over the environmental and public health consequences of less stringent regulations in importing countries. Following domestic concerns, China tightened restrictions on contamination levels of plastic waste imports in 2017. Being the world's major importer of plastic waste,
China's policy led to a dramatic diversion of trade. This paper shows that Turkey emerged as a major importer of plastic waste from more advanced economies. Importers in Turkey got access to cheaper foreign plastic waste and reduced their domestic purchases. Using a unique dataset on waste disposal by domestic firms, we show that firms in Turkey that generated plastic waste became more likely to mismanage it, including through burning or dumping in water bodies. Emissions from waste management increased in Turkish regions that were more specialised in production of the waste products banned by China. We model this channel of environmental degradation in a gravity model of trade and the environment to quantify the global spillovers of environmental externalities through trade and to examine the welfare impacts of the policy.
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 05/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
SORIA ESPIN Javier(PSE)
MEDIAN Octavio(Google Research NYU)
Filling the map: improving the local estimates of intergenerational mobility
A growing body of literature indicates that the primary contributors to upward mobility are the local characteristics of the environments in which children are raised (i.e., neighborhoods). However, the standard methodology fails to consider the varying population size and proximity of these local areas when estimating intergenerational mobility rates, often resulting in imprecise estimates, particularly for low-populated areas or relevant subgroups. This paper proposes an alternative Bayesian multilevel methodology for estimating intergenerational mobility rates at a very local level, taking into account both the heterogeneous population sizes across areas and their geographical proximity. We apply this methodology to rich administrative tax data from Spain used to study intergenerational income mobility. Preliminary results indicate that this approach yields more reliable estimates, especially in areas with very low sample sizes, expanding the scope of spatial analysis of mobility rates and allowing for the uncovering of potentially new findings regarding the role of the characteristics of very local areas in upward mobility.
Du 05/12/2023 de 09:30 à 10:20
R2-07
GPET Seminar
Du 05/12/2023 de 09:00 à 12:30
R1-13
• 9:00 Coffee
• 9:20-10:10: Hannes TEPPER: How local are industry-specific external economies of scale (EES)? Evidence from Brazil
• 10:10-11:00: Gaston NIEVAS Trade and diplomacy
• Break
• 11:30-12:20: Youssef SALIB: Carbon bias of tariffs: are fossil fuels the culprits?
• Followed by Lunch séminaire d’économie appliquée 12.30-13.30 : Salle R2.21 Javier SORIA ESPIN
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 04/12/2023 de 17:00 à 18:30
R1-09
SANDMANN Christopher (LSE)
Market Structure and Adverse Selection (with Dakang Huang)
This paper adopts a uni?ed perspective on multi-contracting in competitive markets plagued by adverse selection. We subsume the two polar cases of exclusive and nonexclu-sive competition by introducing the concept of a market structure, i.e., a trading rule thatspeci?es the subset of sellers with whom buyers can jointly trade. The existing literature shows that the market structure matters greatly in shaping competitive allocations, allow-ing for either separating allocations (as shown by Rothschild-Stiglitz) or layered pooling(Jaynes-Hellwig-Glosten) allocations. We prove the existence of intermediate “Pooling +Separating” equilibria that allow for simultaneous pooling and low-risk buyer separation.Crucially, those allocations alleviate at the same time the concern of excessive rationing under separation of and cross-subsidies paid by low-risk buyers. They oftentimes Pareto dominate the Rothschild-Stiglitz separating allocation. Our analysis singles out the “1+1”market structure where sellers are separated into two subgroups so that buyers can trade with at most one seller from each subgroup. Any “Pooling + Separating” allocation is an equilibrium here. Finally, we prove that “Pooling + Separating” allocations satisfy a notion of stability that we call serendipitous-aftermarket-proofness.
Econometrics Seminar
Du 04/12/2023 de 16:15 à 17:30
ZOOM
FORNERON Jean-Jacques (Boston University)
Occasionally Misspecified
When fitting a particular Economic model on a sample of data, the model may turn out to be heavily misspecified for some observations. This can happen because of unmodelled idiosyncratic events, such as an abrupt but short-lived change in policy. These outliers can significantly alter estimates and inferences. A robust estimation is desirable to limit their influence. For skewed data, this induces another bias which can also invalidate the estimation and inferences. This paper proposes a robust GMM estimator with a simple bias correction that does not degrade robustness significantly. The paper provides finite-sample robustness bounds, and asymptotic uniform equivalence with an oracle that discards all outliers. Consistency and asymptotic normality ensue from that result. An application to the “Price-Puzzle,” which finds inflation increases when monetary policy tightens, illustrates the concerns and the method. The proposed estimator finds the intuitive result: tighter monetary policy leads to a decline in inflation.
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 04/12/2023 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1.14
DUPAS Pascaline()
ROSSI Pauline(Ecole Polytechnique - CREST)
FALEZAN Camille()
MABEU Marie Christelle()
Long-run Impacts of Forced Labor Migration on Fertility Behaviors: Evidence from Colonial West Africa
Is the persistently high fertility in West Africa today rooted in the decades of forced labor migration
under colonial rule? We study the case of Burkina Faso, considered the largest labor reservoir in West
Africa by the French colonial authorities. Hundreds of thousands of young men were forcibly recruited
and sent to work in neighboring colonies for one or two years. The practice started in the late 1910s
and lasted until the late 1940s, when forced labor was replaced with voluntary wage employment. We
digitize historical maps, combine data from multiple surveys, and exploit the historical, temporary
partition of colonial Burkina Faso (and, more specifically, the historical land of the Mossi ethnic group)
into three zones with different needs for labor to implement a spatial regression discontinuity design
analysis. We find that, on the side of the border where Mossi villages were more exposed to forced labor
historically, there is more temporary male migration to Cote d’Ivoire up to today, and lower realized
and desired fertility today. We show evidence suggesting that the inherited pattern of low-skill circular
migration for adult men reduced the reliance on subsistence farming and the accompanying need for
child labor. We can rule out women’s empowerment or improvements in human and physical capital
as pathways for the fertility decline. These findings contribute to the debate on the origins of family
institutions and preferences, often mentioned to explain West Africa’s exceptional fertility trends,
showing that decisions on family formation can change if modes of production change.
Régulation et Environnement
Du 04/12/2023 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
DURRMEYER Isis (TSE)
*The Welfare Consequences of Urban Traffic regulations
écrit avec Nicolas Martinez
We develop a structural model to represent individual transportation decisions, the equilibrium road traffic levels, and speeds inside a city. The model is micro-founded and incorporates a high level of heterogeneity: individuals differ in access to transportation modes, values of travel time, and schedule constraints; road congestion technologies vary within the city. We apply our model to the Paris metropolitan area and estimate the model parameters from publicly available data. We predict the road traffic equilibria under driving restrictions and road tolls and measure the policy consequences on the different welfare components: individual surplus, tax revenues, and cost of emissions.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 01/12/2023 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
MO Zhexun (PSE)
Non-Meritocrats or Conformist Meritocrats? A Redistribution Experiment in China and France
écrit avec Margot BELGUISE, Yuchen HUANG
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 01/12/2023 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1-14
OLBERT Marcel (London Business School)
CANCELLED
écrit avec with John Gallemore, Jinhwan Kim and Iman Taghaddosinejad
We construct a novel dataset to examine over fifty Russian oligarch companies’ global operations and equity investors in the period 2009-2021. We establish stylized facts and provide evidence on the efficacy of sanctions imposed after Russia’s aggression against the Ukraine in 2014 using difference-in-differences designs that compare sanctioned to nonsanctioned companies. First, the operational networks of oligarch companies
are highly international and complex, with approximately 1,800 international subsidiaries and a disproportionate presence in tax haven countries. Second, oligarch companies increased the complexity of their organizational structures after the sanctions in 2014, in particular through tax haven entities. This effect is mitigated if tax haven countries have Country-by-Country Reporting information sharing agreements with sanctioning countries. Third, oligarch companies attract substantial equity capital from Western institutional investors. Fourth, while Western institutional investors have generally decreased their holdings in oligarch companies in recent years, sanctions imposed by the home countries ofWestern investors had no measurable impact on these investors’ holdings. Instead, Western investors increasingly hold oligarch companies’ equity through tax haven entities post-sanctions. Collectively, our findings suggest that the complex subsidiary network of oligarch companies and and their access to equity financing through tax havens allows oligarchs and their investors to conceal asset
ownership and blunt the impact of global sanctions. Automatic information sharing between countries’ tax authorities can partially offset this effect.