Calendrier du 06 mars 2024
Development Economics Seminar
Du 06/03/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
DE WALQUE Damien (World Bank)
Early Education, Preferences, and Decision-Making Abilities
écrit avec Joana Cardim (Education Policy Institute) Pedro Carneiro (University College of London, IFS, CEMMAP, FAIR-NHH) Leandro S. Carvalho (University of Southern California) Damien de Walque (Development Research Group, The World Bank)[
One way to advance our understanding of individual differences in decision-making is to study the development of children’s decision-making. This paper studies the causal effects of daycare attendance on children’s economic preferences and decision-making abilities, exploiting a lottery system that randomized admissions into oversubscribed daycare centers in Rio de Janeiro. Overall, daycare attendance had no effect on either economic preferences or decision-making abilities. It did increase, however, aversion to disadvantageous inequality (i.e., having less than one’s peer). This increase is driven mostly by girls, a result that reproduces in a different study that randomized admissions into preschool education.
Economic History Seminar
Du 06/03/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
PAREDES CASTRO Héctor (PSE)
Land Without Masters: local political competition since the Peruvian Land Reform (1969-1980)
Can the historical exposure to redistribution spur local political competition and electoral participation in later elections? This study analyzes the massive land expropriation process executed under military rule in Peru from 1969 to 1980 and its effects over local politics with the return to democracy. The implementation of the reform was based on the creation of Agrarian Reform Zones (ARZ) and the use of regional offices for local execution located in high-priority reform areas within each ARZ. These zones were conceived and delimited for entirely different purposes a decade prior to the reform. Using the distance from a district to an ARZ office as an instrument, I show changes towards a more politically competitive local environment in land reform affected districts. In line with strategic responses to political competition, post-reform elections boost the participation of candidates with specific attributes: more educated, older and with indigenous background. Furthermore, candidates report more partisan experience but are also less associated with traditional politics. Evidence on driving mechanisms such as a dampened capacity of local elites for political capture, the growth of peasant-based social organization, and changes in voters’ preferences towards redistribution go in line with this interpretation.