Calendrier du mois de septembre 2024
| Programme de la semaine précédente | Programme de la semaine | Programme de la semaine suivante | |
| (du 2024-02-19 au 2024-02-26) | (du 2024-02-26 au 2024-03-03) | (du 2024-03-03 au 2024-03-10) |
Semaine du 2024-02-26 au 2024-03-03 |
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 01/03/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
WEBB Duncan (PSE)
Menstrual Stigma, Hygiene, and Human Capital: Experimental Evidence from Madagascar
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 01/03/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1-14
MARIE Olivier (Erasmus School of Economics)
Tax-Induced Emigration: Who Flees High Taxes? Evidence from the Netherlands
écrit avec with José Victor C. Giarola, Frank Cörvers and Hans Schmeets
We study the impact of a policy change in the Netherlands that reduced
preferential tax treatment duration for high-skilled migrants arriving from specific
countries in certain years. Utilizing comprehensive tax and population data, we
document substantial tax-induced emigration responses, primarily driven by the top 1%
of earners. Highly mobile individuals within the top 5% also emigrate sooner,
particularly to competing countries offering tax-breaks to attract skilled workers.
Crucially, we uncover no change in mobility behavior among lower-earning workers. The
increased tax receipts from lower-income individuals who remain offset the loss from
fleeing high earners, making the policy fiscally cost-neutral.
Texte intégral
Macroeconomics Seminar
Du 29/02/2024
Using Zoom
By Rohan Kekre (Chicago Booth) and Moritz Lenel (Princeton).
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 29/02/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R2-21
CASTELLS-QUINTANA David (UAB)
The far-reaching distributional effects of global warming: Evidence from half a century of climate and inequality data
Climate change is already impacting several development outcomes, including economic growth, human health and mortality, agricultural productivity and even conflict. Moreover, the impact of climate change is expected to be unevenly distributed across locations and population groups. In particular, the worst effects of climate change are expected to be felt in low-income countries. Similarly, within countries, the most vulnerable to these effects are typically low-income regions and households. While the literature to date has provided evidence of the between-countries inequality-increasing effect of global warming, evidence for inequality within countries remains limited. In this paper, we empirically explore the connection between climate change and long-run distributional dynamics within countries. To do so, we first build a global panel dataset combining gridded data on climate variables with gridded population data, and country-level data on a range of inequality measures and development outcomes. We use these data to test climate effects on several dimensions of inequality, including the (interpersonal) distribution of income, using traditional Gini coefficients, indices of concentration of both income and wealth, proxies of inequality in the spatial distribution of economic activity within countries, and measures of inequality in life expectancy. We complement our country-level analysis with an analysis at the subnational level for selected countries (US, Russia and Spain). Our evidence shows a clear positive and statistically significant relationship between higher temperatures and increases in different measures and dimensions of inequality, both at the country and subnational level. The role of higher temperatures is robust to a wide range of controls, different specifications and estimation techniques.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 29/02/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R2-01
USHCHEV Philipp (ULB)
The Network Origins of Entry
We develop a model of the process of entry under social learning via word-of-mouth (WOM). An
incumbent's product is known to the consumers, while the success of a potential entrant hinges on
creating consumers' awareness of the entrant's product through WOM. We model WOM as a
percolation process on a random graph. We show that whether an entrant can gain a non-negligible
level of awareness depends on the social network structure via two sufficient statistics,
which are the ratios of different factorial moments of the degree distribution. We categorize the
different pricing equilibria into the classical blockaded, deterred, and accommodated entry
taxonomy. Under deterred entry, our model produces a model of limit pricing by an incumbent to
prevent an entrant gaining a non-negligible level of awareness. When we focus on a multinomial logit
demand, we show that increasing the network density shifts the pricing equilibrium from
blockaded to deterred, and finally to accommodated entry. We also show that the aggregate
consumer surplus may be non-monotonic with respect to network density. Finally, if the incumbent
has knowledge about the consumer's number of friends and can charge personalised prices, we
find that it is optimal for the incumbent to charge lower prices to more connected consumers.
Behavior seminar
Du 29/02/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R2.21
MECHTENBERG Lydia ((University of Hamburg, Germany) )
Fairness in Matching Markets: Experimental Evidence
écrit avec Dorothea Kübler, Tobias König, Lydia Mechtenberg, and Renke Schmacker
We investigate fairness preferences regarding matching mechanisms by employing
a spectator design. Participants choose whether they want to make a costly voting
decision for the Boston mechanism or the serial dictatorship mechanism (SD) played
by other participants. The Boston mechanism generates justified envy since some
participants are forced to submit their true preferences, while the strategy-proof SD
satisfies envy-freeness. A high share of individuals vote for the Boston mechanism
when priorities are based on merit, and this share further increases when priorities
are determined by luck. At the same time, fairness as envy-freeness and strategyproofness
plays a role in people's revealed preferences when the priorities are based on
merit. The results suggest that fairness as envy-freeness and strategy-proofness plays
a role for spectators' voting decisions but many people believe that clever strategic
choices create entitlements on their own.
Behavior Working Group
Du 29/02/2024 de 10:00 à 11:00
R1-09
DA COSTA Shaun (PSE)
*
Development Economics Seminar
Du 28/02/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
GOMES Joseph Flavian (Economics School of Louvain and the Institute of Economic and Social Research (IRES))
It’s a Bird, it’s a Plane, it’s Superman! Using Mass Media to Fight Intolerance
écrit avec Alex Armand, Paul Atwell, Joseph F. Gomes, Giuseppe Musillo, Yannik Schenk
This paper examines the impact of progressive radio programming on societal change during the early period of desegregation in post-World War II U.S. We investigate the influence of the popular radio show “The Adventures of Superman” on promoting tolerance and exposing the bigotry of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) in 1946. Using state-of-the-art radio propagation models, we map the broadcast’s exposure and analyze its effects on various socioeconomic outcomes. We find that counties with higher exposure to the broadcast experienced a significant decrease in support for segregationist political candidates. Individuals potentially exposed to the Superman program during their childhood exhibited more progressive attitudes towards racial desegregation and African Americans later in life. These individuals were also more likely to be in interracial marriages and less likely to participate in the Vietnam war. Additionally, we uncover significant and progressive long-term effects of the radio coverage on county-level outcomes such as the presence of active KKK branches, civil rights organizations, and accessibility of non-discriminatory services for African Americans listed in the “Green Books.” These results underscore the potential of progressive radio programming as a catalyst for social change and contribute to our understanding of how media shapes societal attitudes and beliefs.
Economic History Seminar
Du 28/02/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
IANDOLO Alessandro (UCL)
Arrested Development: The Soviet Union in Ghana, Guinea, and Mali, 1955-1968.
Arrested Development examines the USSR's involvement in West Africa during the 1950s and 1960s as aid donor, trade partner, and political inspiration for the first post-independence governments in Ghana, Guinea, and Mali.
Buoyed by solid economic performance in the 1950s, the USSR opened itself up to the world and launched a series of programs aimed at supporting the search for economic development in newly independent countries in Africa and Asia. These countries, emerging from decades of colonial domination, looked at the USSR as an example to strengthen political and economic independence. Based on extensive research in Russian and West African archives, Alessandro Iandolo explores the ideas that guided Soviet engagement in West Africa, investigates the projects that the USSR sponsored "on the ground," and analyzes their implementation and legacy.
The Soviet specialists who worked in Ghana, Guinea, and Mali collaborated with West African colleagues in drawing ambitious development plans, supervised the construction of new transport infrastructure, organized collective farms and fishing cooperatives, conducted geological surveys and mineral prospecting, set up banking systems, managed international trade, and staffed repairs workshops and ministerial bureaucracies alike. The exchanges and clashes born out of the encounter between Soviet and West African ideas, ambitions, and hopes about development reveal the USSR as a central actor in the history of economic development in the twentieth century.
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 27/02/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-10
REITZMANN Léo (PSE)
Heterogeneous beliefs about climate change damages
Paris Trade Seminar
Du 27/02/2024 de 14:30 à 16:00
PSE, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R2-01
DHINGRA Swati (LSE)
Citizen Training and the Urban Waste Footprint
écrit avec Fjolla Kondirolli and Stephen Machin
Waste management is key to the Sustainable Development Goal of making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Untreated waste contributes to methane emissions, groundwater pollution, marine litter and public health and safety hazards, and is a growing problem in cities in developing countries. Segregation of waste at the source of generation has been proposed as a low-cost solution for reducing the amount of waste that needs to be landfilled. This paper examines the potential of segregation and recycling at source in improving waste management in the city of Patna in India. Citizen training in circular economy principles of segregation at source and reduction, reuse and recycling of waste was implemented. The intervention was staggered over time to clusters of urban residences on routes covered by municipal waste trucks, in collaboration with the city administration. Waste observations were undertaken to examine the impacts of the training programme on waste practices. Segregation rates increased substantially among households that received the intervention, based on pre-post differences and staggered difference-in-differences estimates. The findings suggest that decentralised waste management can provide a low-cost solution for developing countries to reduce their waste footprint.
STEP (Seminar of Trade Economists in Paris)
Du 27/02/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R2-20
PARENTI Mathieu (PSE & INRAE)
An economic analysis of extra-territorial tax policy
écrit avec G. Zucman
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 27/02/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
BHERING Davi (PSE)
Luxurious Tax Cuts? Equity vs Efficiency of Indirect Taxation in India
écrit avec Pierre Bachas (ESSEC Business school) and Pulak Ghosh (Indian Institute of Management Bangalore)
We study the equity-efficiency trade-off of differentiated commodity taxation in India. Combining monthly product level tax returns with sharp cuts to the tax rate of luxury goods, we show that (1) the sales of goods facing tax cuts only slightly rise; (2) firms do not substitute away close goods which did not face a rate cut, even for multi-product firms for whom mislabeling goods could be simple; (3) 60-80% of the tax cut is passed-through to consumers via lower prices. Contrary to common wisdom, we estimate a low efficiency cost of differentiated commodity tax rates and a high pass-through of tax cuts to consumers. In settings with constraints to direct taxes and transfers, higher indirect taxes on luxury goods could be desirable to achieve distributional goals.
Econometrics Seminar
Du 26/02/2024 de 16:15 à 17:30
PSE, room R1-15
DHAENE Geert (KU Leuven)
Iterated corrections for incidental parameter bias
écrit avec Co-authors: Koen Jochmans and Martin Weidner
In many panel data models, fixed effects typically lead to an incidental parameter problem: maximum likelihood estimation of the model’s common parameters (e.g., common slope or variance parameters) is often biased/inconsistent as the number of cross-sectional units grows large while the number of time periods is fixed (Neyman and Scott 1948). I will discuss two methods to correct for incidental parameter bias. Their power lies in the fact that they can be iterated. (1) The first method, called approximate functional differencing, has a Bayesian flavor. It uses the posterior predictive density to construct a q-th order bias corrected score function, starting from an initially chosen (biased) score function. In the limit as q goes to infinity, the method is equivalent to Bonhomme’s (2012) method of functional differencing in point-identified models. When point identification fails, the limit remains well defined and yields estimates with very small bias. (2) The second method is entirely frequentist. Starting from the (biased) profile score function, it constructs a bias corrected score function by calculating the bias as a function of the incidental parameters and using maximum likelihood estimates thereof as plug-in estimates, and it iterates these steps. In several models, it is found that the first-order bias corrected profile score function is already exactly unbiased, hence resolving the incidental parameter problem. In other models, the infinitely iterated bias correction leads to estimates with very small bias. (This presentation is based on joint work with Martin Weidner and older work with Koen Jochmans.)
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 26/02/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
AGER Philipp (Mannheim University)
Gender-biased technological change: Milking machines and the exodus of women from farming
This paper studies the link between gender-biased technological change in the agricultural sector and structural transformation in Norway. After WWII, Norwegian farms began widely adopting milking machines to replace the hand milking of cows, a task typically performed by women. Combining population-wide panel data from the Norwegian registry with municipality-level data from the Census of Agriculture, we show that the adoption of milking machines triggered a process of structural transformation by displacing young rural women from their traditional jobs on farms in dairy-intensive municipalities. The displaced women moved to urban areas where they acquired a higher level of education and found better-paid employment. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a Roy model of comparative advantage, extended to account for task automation and the gender division of labor in the agricultural sector. We also quantify significant inter-generational effects of this gender-biased technology adoption. Our results imply that the mechanization of farming has broken deeply rooted gender norms, transformed women’s work, and improved their long-term educational and earning opportunities, relative to men.
Régulation et Environnement
Du 26/02/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
DURRMEYER Isis (TSE)
*The Welfare Consequences of Urban Traffic regulations
écrit avec Nicolas Martinez (TSE)
We develop a structural model to represent individual transportation decisions, the equilibrium road traffic levels, and speeds inside a city. The model is micro-founded and incorporates a high level of heterogeneity: individuals differ in access to transportation modes, values of travel time, and schedule constraints; road congestion technologies vary within the city. We apply our model to the Paris metropolitan area and estimate the model parameters from publicly available data. We predict the road traffic equilibria under driving restrictions and road tolls and measure the policy consequences on the different welfare components: individual surplus, tax revenues, and cost of emissions.