Calendrier du mois de septembre 2024
| Programme de la semaine précédente | Programme de la semaine | Programme de la semaine suivante | |
| (du 2024-05-20 au 2024-05-27) | (du 2024-05-27 au 2024-06-02) | (du 2024-06-02 au 2024-06-09) |
Semaine du 2024-05-27 au 2024-06-02 |
Occasional Empirical Environmental Group
Du 31/05/2024 de 15:00 à 16:30
R1-15
WEBER Giacomo (UC BERKELEY)
Will cleaning up the local environment narrow or widen inequality?
If cleaning up a local environment also raises prices, does that widen
or narrow inequality? We combine an equilibrium sorting model
characterizing location choices with a new approach to causally
estimate the impact of a cleaner environment on location utility to
answer this question. We estimate the model leveraging a plausibly
exogenous change in the local environment due to shale gas propensity,
together with spatially-granular bilateral migration, air quality, and
emissions data. Our preliminary results characterize relative welfare
changes by racial groups under the observed environmental quality
improvements, as well as simulated changes under counterfactual
environmental policies. The results aim to quantify the connection
between equity-oriented place-based environmental policies and
residential location choices.
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 31/05/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-15
TESCHKE Eric (PSE)
Dynamic Poverty Targeting
PSE Internal Seminar
Du 31/05/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
GRITTERSOVA Jana(PSE)
GRENET Julien(PSE)
“The Effects of Social Diversity at School: Evidence from a Desegregation Program”
This paper investigates whether social desegregation in schools fosters social cohesion and reduces social inequality in educational outcomes. We analyze an initiative launched in 2015 by the French Ministry of Education to desegregate public middle schools, by comparing the schools that participated in the program with similar schools that were not involved. Our findings indicate that in the initially more segregated schools, the program was successful at increasing the exposure of low-SES to high-SES students, and vice versa. Using detailed administrative data along with survey data on students' wellbeing and attitudes, we find that school desegregation does not adversely affect the academic performance of high-SES students, while it positively affects their academic self-esteem. Although our results do not reveal significant short-run effects on the academic performance of low-SES students, we find that they derive social and psychological benefits from being exposed to a more diverse student body.
Co-authors: Ghazala Azmat (Sciences Po), Élise Huillery (Université Paris Dauphine), Youssef Souidi (Université Paris Dauphine), and Yann Algan (HEC).
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This study explores how central banks discuss climate change and whether such communication affects the behavior and expectations of financial markets. Specifically, it examines whether the frequency of central bank communication on climate-related risks influences the inflation expectations of financial markets. Central bank communication about climate change can influence these expectations by creating uncertainty about future climate policies that the central bank might adopt. When a central bank incorporates climate objectives into its policy discourse, it creates uncertainty among financial market participants about its commitment to its mandates, such as maintaining price stability and safeguarding central bank autonomy. There is also the concern that the central bank could be perceived as the last resort to rescue the financial system in the face of climate-induced risks. To investigate this, we compiled a comprehensive database of speeches addressing climate change by representatives of the European Central Bank and national central banks of the eurozone countries from January 2008 to December 2022. This dataset enables us to examine how central bankers' speeches influence private inflation expectations, as measured by market-based indicators. Using local projections, we find that more frequent speeches on climate change and higher intensity of climate-related language within speeches are associated with increased inflation expectations among financial market participants across various maturity horizons, spanning from one year to ten years. Moreover, we found that the effect of these speeches varies depending on the speaker; notably, speeches delivered by representatives of central banks from the founding members of the eurozone influence shifts in inflation expectations. This holds true even when accounting for macroeconomic surprises, central bank interest rate decisions, and a range of other factors. Overall, our findings suggest that central bank discourse on climate change offers valuable insights into future financial market inflation expectations.
Co-authors: Eleonora Mavroeidi (Bloomberg Paris) and Murilo Silva (University of California, Riverside)
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 31/05/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1-14
TIAN Lin (INSEAD)
CANCELLED
écrit avec with Miguel Almunia, David Henning, Justine Knebelmann, and Dorothy Nakyambadde
Du 30/05/2024 de 16:00 à 17:15
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, salle R1-09
Travail et économie publique externe
Du 30/05/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
CARLANA Michela (Harvard)
How Far Can Inclusion Go? The Long-term Impacts of Preferential College Admissions
écrit avec M. Tincani and E. Miglino
Affirmative action and preferential admission policies play a crucial role in fostering social mobility by bolstering the prospects of disadvantaged groups. In this paper, we analyze the long-term effects of a Chilean policy (PACE) that targets students in underprivileged schools, offering guaranteed admission to selective colleges to those graduating in the top 15 percent of their high school class. Leveraging both the randomized expansion of PACE and the admission discontinuity, our analysis reveals that PACE yields positive labor market effects for the average targeted student, especially women, driven by the selectivity of the attended colleges. However, for marginally eligible students, higher dropout rates and negative labor market outcomes emerge, suggesting PACE may induce a mismatch between their skills and the academic rigor of selective programs. Finally, we find that students in the bottom 85 percent of their schools experience positive effects on labor market outcomes. We identify equilibrium effects on local labor markets as a potential mechanism. The results suggest that there is a limit to how far preferential admissions can go while delivering on their promises.
TOM (Théorie, Organisation et Marchés) Lunch Seminar
Du 30/05/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-16
MOREIRA Humberto (Fundação Getulio Vargas’ Brazilian School of Economics and Finance)
Market Power and Insurance Coverage
écrit avec GOTTLIEB Daniel (London School of Economics)
We study how market power affects insurance policies in a general class of models. We show that exclusion is a robust feature of insurance with a monopolistic firm (or when firms have enough market power), but not with perfect competition. However, the reduction in coverage relative to competitive markets is not uniform. While monopolists under-provide coverage for individuals with low willingness to pay, competitive markets under-provide coverage for those with a high willingness to pay to avoid cream skimming by competitors. The welfare comparison between perfectly competitive and monopolistic markets depends on whether the distortion at the extensive margin (higher under monopoly) exceeds the distortion at the intensive margin (higher under competition for those with a high willingness to pay). Using simulations based on an empirical model of preferences, we find that those both of these effects are quantitatively important.
Behavior seminar
Du 30/05/2024 de 11:00 à 12:00
R1.14
ISAKSSON Siri (Norwegian School of Economics, Norway)
Will Artificial Intelligence Get in the Way of Achieving Gender Equality?
The promise of generative AI to increase human productivity relies on developing skills to become proficient at it. There is reason to suspect that women and men use AI tools differently, which could result in productivity and payoff gaps in a labor market increasingly demanding knowledge in AI. Thus, it is important to understand if there are gender differences in AI-usage among current students. We conduct a survey at the Norwegian School of Economics collecting use and attitudes towards ChatGPT, a measure of AI proficiency, and responses to policies allowing or forbidding ChatGPT use. Three key findings emerge: first, female students report a significantly lower use of ChatGPT compared to their male counterparts. Second, male students are more skilled at writing successful prompts, even after accounting for higher ChatGPT usage. Third, imposing university bans on ChatGPT use widens the gender gap in intended use substantially. We provide insights into potential factors influencing the AI adoption gender gap and highlight the role of appropriate encouragement and policies in allowing female students to benefit from AI usage, thereby mitigating potential impacts on later labor market outcomes
Development Economics Seminar
Du 29/05/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
FIORIN Stefano (Bocconi University ) *;
La séance est annulée
Du 29/05/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1.09
KESSLER Amalia ()
l'arbitrage corporatiste et la poursuite de la démocratie industrielle aux Etats Unis (1900-1940)
PSI-PSE (Petit Séminaire Informel de la Paris School of Economics) Seminar
Du 28/05/2024 de 17:00 à 18:00
R1-14
ANDRé Loris (PSE)
Land Conversion and Species Extinction
Econometrics Seminar
Du 28/05/2024 de 14:45 à 16:00
Sciences Po, room H405
MOLINARI Francesca (Cornell University)
Inference for an Algorithmic Fariness-Accuracy Frontier
écrit avec Co-author: Yiqi Liu
Decision-making processes increasingly rely on the use of algorithms. Yet, algorithms' predictive ability frequently exhibit systematic variation across subgroups of the population. While both fairness and accuracy are desirable properties of an algorithm, they often come at the cost of one another. What should a fairness-minded policymaker do then, when confronted with finite data? In this paper, we provide a consistent estimator for a theoretical fairness-accuracy frontier put forward by Liang, Lu and Mu (2023) and propose inference methods to test hypotheses that have received much attention in the fairness literature, such as (i) whether fully excluding a covariate from use in training the algorithm is optimal and (ii) whether there are less discriminatory alternatives to an existing algorithm. We also provide an estimator for the distance between a given algorithm and the fairest point on the frontier, and characterize its asymptotic distribution. We leverage the fact that the fairness-accuracy frontier is part of the boundary of a convex set that can be fully represented by its support function. We show that the estimated support function converges to a tight Gaussian process as the sample size increases, and then express policy-relevant hypotheses as restrictions on the support function to construct valid test statistics.
Texte intégral
GPET Seminar
Du 28/05/2024 de 13:45 à 17:30
R1-13
• 13:40 -14:20 : Gísli Gylfason : From Tweets to the Streets : Twitter and Extremist Protests in the United States
• 13:20-15:00 : Vitaliia Eliseeva : Failing to forge the New Soviet Woman: Long-term effect of WW2-induced sex ratios on family formation.
Break
• 15:15-15:55 : Maximilian Dörfler : The Political Consequences of Adverse Labor Market Shocks
• 15:55-16:35 : Ninon Moreau-Kastler Multiplicative difference-in-differences, staggered treatment and proportional treatment effect.
Break
• 16:50-17h30 : Heddie Moreno : export survival of African firms
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 28/05/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
VAN EFFENTERRE Clémentine( University of Toronto)
AMER Abdelrahman(University of Toronto)
CRAIG Ashley(Australian National University)
Decoding Gender Bias: The Role of Personal Interaction
Subjective performance evaluation is an important part of hiring and promotion decisions. We combine experiments with administrative data to understand what drives gender bias in such evaluations in the technology industry. Our results highlight the role of personal interaction. Leveraging 60,000 mock video interviews on a platform for software engineers, we find that average ratings for code quality and problem solving are 12 percent of a standard deviation lower for women than men. Half of these gaps remain unexplained when we control for automated measures of coding performance. To test for statistical and taste-based bias, we analyze two field experiments. Our first experiment shows that providing evaluators with automated performance measures does not reduce the gender gap. Our second experiment removed video interaction, and compared blind to non-blind evaluations. No gender gap is present in either case. These results rule out traditional economic models of discrimination. Instead, we show that gender gaps widen with extended personal interaction, and are larger for evaluators educated in regions where implicit association test scores are higher.
Roy Seminar (ADRES)
Du 27/05/2024 de 17:00 à 18:30
R1-09
LIZZERI Alessandro (Princeton)
Facts and Opinions
We study a sender-receiver communication game with quadratic preferences and an additive sender bias. When the sender can communicate only through verifiable but noisy information and her bias is small, we show that complete information unraveling is not an equilibrium and that more informative equilibria exist. In these equilibria, the sender uses silence not to hide information from the receiver but to communicate that the information she has, while verifiable, is misleading. Thus, mandating disclosure hurts the receiver in these cases. We then enrich our baseline model by allowing the sender to also communicate by using unverifiable information. We illustrate how verifiable and unverifiable information can complement each other and that this complementarity is maximal for moderately biased senders
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 27/05/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
This session will welcome Sofia Meister (EHESS et Fellow IC Migrations) and Ilse Ruyssen (Ghent University) around the topic Disentangling the climate-migration-health nexus.
Régulation et Environnement
Du 27/05/2024 de 12:00 à 13:30
R1-09
WOLAK Frank (Stanford University)
Market power and incentive-based capacity payment mechanisms
Recent rolling blackouts in industrialized economies have highlighted the need for
a capacity mechanism to ensure a reliable electricity supply. We demonstrate severe
shortcomings of a popular capacity mechanism—reliability options—caused by their
interaction with fixed-price forward contracts for energy. Large generators can trigger
the reliability option exercise, nullifying the incentive that forward contracts provide
for firms to not exercise market power. Hydroelectric generators sell more forward
contracts and store less water, reducing system reliability. We empirically demonstrate
that Colombian generators respond to these incentives in the short and long run.
The objectives of reliability options could be achieved at lower cost by reforming the
forward contract market.