Calendrier du mois de septembre 2024
Programme de la semaine précédente | Programme de la semaine | Programme de la semaine suivante | |
(du 2024-02-05 au 2024-02-12) | (du 2024-02-12 au 2024-02-18) | (du 2024-02-18 au 2024-02-25) |
Semaine du 2024-02-12 au 2024-02-18 |
Casual Friday Development Seminar - Brown Bag Seminar
Du 16/02/2024 de 13:00 à 14:00
R1-09
ALVAREZ-ARAGON Pablo (University of Namur)
Ancestral Beliefs and Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa
Du 16/02/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1-14
TBA * ()
*
EU Tax Observatory Seminar
Du 16/02/2024 de 12:00 à 13:00
Salle R1.14
LE GUERN HERRY Ségal (Sciences Po)
Wealth Taxation and Portfolio Allocation
The desirability of taxing household wealth has been at the forefront of global tax policy debates. A concern about wealth taxes is that they may discourage investment in productive capital, in contrast to property taxes focused on real estate. This paper investigates how wealth taxation affects households’ portfolio choices. Leveraging a major wealth tax reform introduced in 2017 that transformed the French wealth tax into a real estate tax, I estimate the degree of substitution between real estate and financial wealth. To identify causal effects, I use comprehensive administrative-linked income and wealth microdata for France and a difference-in-differences design comparing French residents to non-French residents subject to the wealth tax but not affected by the policy change. Five years after the reform, the stock of real estate held by French taxpayers decreased by an average of 6%, with little variation along the wealth distribution. This decrease in real estate is driven by investment rather than owner-occupied housing and is mirrored by a surge in dividend income, consistent with taxpayers reshuffling by selling some of their investment properties in order to invest in stocks. The reduced-form estimates can be converted into a cross-elasticity of 5: a 1 percentage point increase in the tax rate differential between real estate and financial assets leads to a 5% reallocation of households’ housing stock to financial capital. Overall, the response is relatively modest, which suggests that property taxes are a poor corrective tool to foster investment in financial assets.
brown bag Travail et Économie Publique
Du 15/02/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
PSE- 48 boulevard Jourdan, 74014 Paris, salle R1-09
BONNEAU Cécile (PSE)
Price of Admission: The Impact of Application Fees on STEM Graduate Schools Applicants
This study examines the impact of application fees on the application behavior and admission outcomes of STEM graduate school applicants in France. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design and data from the centralized admission process to STEM graduate schools from 2015 to 2020, the findings reveal a significant reduction in the number of applications of candidates who have to pay application fees, leading to adverse admission outcomes, especially for male students, those from lower socio-economic backgrounds, or with lower academic achievements. Additionally, the study shows that the design of application fees, whether decentralized or centralized, significantly impacts application patterns. The eviction effect of application fees is more pronounced in schools requiring a specific fee for each application, compared to those with a common application fee structure.
Development Economics Seminar
Du 14/02/2024 de 16:30 à 18:00
R2.01
BANERJEE Abhijit (MIT)
Universal Basic Income: Short-Term Results from a Long-Term Experiment in Kenya
écrit avec Abhijit Banerjee,Michael Faye,Alan Krueger,Paul Niehaus,Tavneet Suri
What would be the consequences of a long-term commitment to provide everyone enough
money to meet their basic needs? We examine this hotly debated issue in the context of a unique
eld experiment in rural Kenya. Communities receiving UBI experienced substantial economic
expansion|more enterprises, higher revenues, costs, and net revenues|and structural shifts,
with the expansion concentrated in the non-agricultural sector. Labor supply did not change
overall, but shifted out of wage employment and towards self-employment. We also compare
the eects to those of shorter-term transfers delivered either as a stream of small payments
or a large lump sum. The lump sums had similar, if not larger, economic impacts, while the
short-term transfers had noticeably smaller eects, despite having delivered the same amount
of capital to date. These results are consistent with a simple model of forward-looking lumpy
investment, and more generally with a role for savings constraints, credit constraints, and some
degree of (locally) increasing returns, among other factors.
Applied Economics Lunch Seminar
Du 13/02/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
Salle R2.21
ZUNIGA-CORDERO Alvaro ()
Globalization, income inequality and political realignment: the transition from a two-party to a multi-party electoral system in Costa Rica
This study explores the proliferation of electoral parties in democracies globally, using the Costa Rican context as a laboratory. It seeks to understand whether the transformed political landscape in Costa Rica since 2002, marked by a shift from a two-party to a multi-party system, can be attributed to the growing disparities in income and increasing exposure to globalization. This research contributes significantly to the existing literature on globalization and its impact on electoral outcomes, particularly within the context of a developing nation with a solid democratic tradition. It uniquely combines two sets of administrative data at the individual level: electoral registries and social security employer-employee records. The study reveals a positive correlation between income and voter turnout. Immigration data does not compromise the stability of the primary findings related to income shocks. Notably, the analysis demonstrates that immigration decreases voter turnout across most specifications. However, when applying an IV strategy at the individual level, the presence of more immigrant colleagues appears to positively influence the voting behaviour of local workers, suggesting a potential buffer effect. Furthermore, our analysis at the polling station level reveals that areas with positive income gains tend to exhibit more stable voting preferences and declining support for traditional parties. Moreover, exposure to immigration appears to foster electoral volatility and, paradoxically, greater support for traditional parties, possibly as a refuge for discontented voters amidst evolving political landscapes.
Paris Migration Economics Seminar
Du 12/02/2024 de 12:30 à 13:30
R1-14
VIARENGO Martina (Geneva Graduate Institute)
Labor Market Integration, Local Conditions and Inequalities: Evidence from Refugees in Switzerland
écrit avec Joint with Tobias Müller (UNIGE) and Pia Pannatier (UNIGE)
The paper examines the patterns of economic integration of refugees in Switzerland, a country with a long tradition of hosting refugees, a top-receiving host in Europe, and a prominent example of a multicultural society. It relies on a unique longitudinal dataset consisting of administrative records and social security data for the universe of refugees in Switzerland over 1998–2018. This data is used to reconstruct the individual-level trajectories of refugees and to follow them since arrival over the life-cycle. The empirical analysis exploits the government dispersal policy in place since 1998, which consists of the random allocation of refugees across cantons, to identify the causal effects of the local initial conditions. The study finds that higher unemployment rates at arrival slow down the integration process, whereas the existence of a co-ethnic network does not consistently lead to a faster integration. It is shown that a change toward more restrictive attitudes over time in a canton (relative to attitudes in other cantons) leads to higher employment rates of the successive refugee cohorts. These effects persist over the refugees’ life-cycle. Together these results, highlight the importance of taking a longer run perspective when examining the effectiveness of policies, as the effects may vary over time and different complementary interventions may be needed in the short vs. long-run.